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<h1>Hadoop Shell命令</h1>
<div id="minitoc-area">
<ul class="minitoc">
<li>
<a href="#FS+Shell"> FS Shell </a>
<ul class="minitoc">
<li>
<a href="#cat"> cat </a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#chgrp"> chgrp </a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#chmod"> chmod </a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#chown"> chown </a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#copyFromLocal">copyFromLocal</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#copyToLocal"> copyToLocal</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#cp"> cp </a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#du">du</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#dus"> dus </a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#expunge"> expunge </a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#get"> get </a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#getmerge"> getmerge </a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#ls"> ls </a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#lsr">lsr</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#mkdir"> mkdir </a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#movefromLocal"> movefromLocal </a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#mv"> mv </a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#put"> put </a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#rm"> rm </a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#rmr"> rmr </a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#setrep"> setrep </a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#stat"> stat </a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#tail"> tail </a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#test"> test </a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#text"> text </a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#touchz"> touchz </a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<!--DCCOMMENT:diff begin-->
		
<a name="N1000F"></a><a name="FS+Shell"></a>
<h2 class="h3"> FS Shell </h2>
<div class="section">
<p>
      调用文件系统(FS)Shell命令应使用
      <span class="codefrag">bin/hadoop fs &lt;args&gt;</span>的形式。
      所有的的FS shell命令使用URI路径作为参数。URI格式是<em>scheme://authority/path</em>。对HDFS文件系统，scheme是<em>hdfs</em>，对本地文件系统，scheme是<em>file</em>。其中scheme和authority参数都是可选的，如果未加指定，就会使用配置中指定的默认scheme。一个HDFS文件或目录比如<em>/parent/child</em>可以表示成<em>hdfs://namenode:namenodeport/parent/child</em>，或者更简单的<em>/parent/child</em>（假设你配置文件中的默认值是<em>namenode:namenodeport</em>）。大多数FS Shell命令的行为和对应的Unix Shell命令类似，不同之处会在下面介绍各命令使用详情时指出。出错信息会输出到<em>stderr</em>，其他信息输出到<em>stdout</em>。
  </p>
<a name="N10036"></a><a name="cat"></a>
<h3 class="h4"> cat </h3>
<p>
				
<span class="codefrag">使用方法：hadoop fs -cat URI [URI &hellip;]</span>
			
</p>
<p>
		   将路径指定文件的内容输出到<em>stdout</em>。
		   </p>
<p>示例：</p>
<ul>
				
<li>
					
<span class="codefrag"> hadoop fs -cat hdfs://host1:port1/file1 hdfs://host2:port2/file2 
		   </span>
				
</li>
				
<li>
					
<span class="codefrag">hadoop fs -cat file:///file3 /user/hadoop/file4 </span>
				
</li>
			
</ul>
<p>返回值：<br>
<!--DCCOMMENT:diff end
note:"hadoop dfs" has been replaced by "hadoop fs" in this doc.

@@ -39,11 +50,11 @@
                        <p>Example:</p>
                        <ul>
                                <li>
-                                       <code> hadoop dfs -cat hdfs://host1:port1/file1 hdfs://host2:port2/file2
+                                       <code> hadoop fs -cat hdfs://nn1.example.com/file1 hdfs://nn2.example.com/file2
                   </code>
                                </li>
                                <li>
-                                       <code>hadoop dfs -cat file:///file3 /user/hadoop/file4 </code>
+                                       <code>hadoop fs -cat file:///file3 /user/hadoop/file4 </code>
                                </li>
                        </ul>
                        <p>Exit Code:<br/>
-->
		   
<span class="codefrag"> 成功返回0，失败返回-1。</span>
</p>
<a name="N10068"></a><a name="chgrp"></a>
<h3 class="h4"> chgrp </h3>
<p>
				
<span class="codefrag">使用方法：hadoop fs -chgrp [-R] GROUP URI [URI &hellip;]</span>
            Change group association of files. With <span class="codefrag">-R</span>, make the change recursively through the directory structure. The user must be the owner of files, or else a super-user. Additional information is in the <a href="hdfs_permissions_guide.html">Permissions User Guide</a>.
--&gt;
			</p>
<p>
	    改变文件所属的组。使用<span class="codefrag">-R</span>将使改变在目录结构下递归进行。命令的使用者必须是文件的所有者或者超级用户。更多的信息请参见<a href="hdfs_permissions_guide.html">HDFS权限用户指南</a>。
	    </p>
<a name="N10086"></a><a name="chmod"></a>
<h3 class="h4"> chmod </h3>
<p>
				
<span class="codefrag">使用方法：hadoop fs -chmod [-R] &lt;MODE[,MODE]... | OCTALMODE&gt; URI [URI &hellip;]</span>
			
</p>
<p>
	    改变文件的权限。使用<span class="codefrag">-R</span>将使改变在目录结构下递归进行。命令的使用者必须是文件的所有者或者超级用户。更多的信息请参见<a href="hdfs_permissions_guide.html">HDFS权限用户指南</a>。
	    </p>
<a name="N1009D"></a><a name="chown"></a>
<h3 class="h4"> chown </h3>
<p>
				
<span class="codefrag">使用方法：hadoop fs -chown [-R] [OWNER][:[GROUP]] URI [URI ]</span>
			
</p>
<p>
	    改变文件的拥有者。使用<span class="codefrag">-R</span>将使改变在目录结构下递归进行。命令的使用者必须是超级用户。更多的信息请参见<a href="hdfs_permissions_guide.html">HDFS权限用户指南</a>。
	    </p>
<a name="N100B4"></a><a name="copyFromLocal"></a>
<h3 class="h4">copyFromLocal</h3>
<p>
				
<span class="codefrag">使用方法：hadoop fs -copyFromLocal &lt;localsrc&gt; URI</span>
			
</p>
<p>除了限定源路径是一个本地文件外，和<a href="#putlink"><strong>put</strong></a>命令相似。</p>
<a name="N100C9"></a><a name="copyToLocal"></a>
<h3 class="h4"> copyToLocal</h3>
<p>
				
<span class="codefrag">使用方法：hadoop fs -copyToLocal [-ignorecrc] [-crc] URI &lt;localdst&gt;</span>
			
</p>
<p>除了限定目标路径是一个本地文件外，和<a href="#getlink"><strong>get</strong></a>命令类似。</p>
<a name="N100DE"></a><a name="cp"></a>
<h3 class="h4"> cp </h3>
<p>
				
<span class="codefrag">使用方法：hadoop fs -cp URI [URI &hellip;] &lt;dest&gt;</span>
			
</p>
<p>
	    将文件从源路径复制到目标路径。这个命令允许有多个源路径，此时目标路径必须是一个目录。
	    <br>
	    示例：</p>
<ul>
				
<li>
					
<span class="codefrag"> hadoop fs -cp /user/hadoop/file1 /user/hadoop/file2</span>
				
</li>
				
<li>
					
<span class="codefrag"> hadoop fs -cp /user/hadoop/file1 /user/hadoop/file2 /user/hadoop/dir </span>
				
</li>
			
</ul>
<p>返回值：</p>
<p>
				
<span class="codefrag"> 成功返回0，失败返回-1。</span>
			
</p>
<a name="N10108"></a><a name="du"></a>
<h3 class="h4">du</h3>
<p>
				
<span class="codefrag">使用方法：hadoop fs -du URI [URI &hellip;]</span>
			
</p>
<p>
	     显示目录中所有文件的大小，或者当只指定一个文件时，显示此文件的大小。<br>
	     示例：<br>
<span class="codefrag">hadoop fs -du /user/hadoop/dir1 /user/hadoop/file1 hdfs://host:port/user/hadoop/dir1</span>
<br>
	     返回值：<br>
<span class="codefrag"> 成功返回0，失败返回-1。</span>
<br>
</p>
<a name="N10123"></a><a name="dus"></a>
<h3 class="h4"> dus </h3>
<p>
				
<span class="codefrag">使用方法：hadoop fs -dus &lt;args&gt;</span>
			
</p>
<p>
	   显示文件的大小。
	   </p>
<a name="N10133"></a><a name="expunge"></a>
<h3 class="h4"> expunge </h3>
<p>
				
<span class="codefrag">使用方法：hadoop fs -expunge</span>
			
</p>
<p>清空回收站。请参考<a href="hdfs_design.html">HDFS设计</a>文档以获取更多关于回收站特性的信息。
	   </p>
<a name="N10147"></a><a name="get"></a>
<h3 class="h4"> get </h3>
<p>
				
<span class="codefrag">使用方法：hadoop fs -get [-ignorecrc] [-crc] &lt;src&gt; &lt;localdst&gt;</span>
				
<br>
			
</p>
<p>
	   复制文件到本地文件系统。可用<span class="codefrag">-ignorecrc</span>选项复制CRC校验失败的文件。使用<span class="codefrag">-crc</span>选项复制文件以及CRC信息。
	  		</p>
<p>示例：</p>
<ul>
				
<li>
					
<span class="codefrag"> hadoop fs -get /user/hadoop/file localfile </span>
				
</li>
				
<li>
					
<span class="codefrag"> hadoop fs -get hdfs://host:port/user/hadoop/file localfile</span>
				
</li>
			
</ul>
<p>返回值：</p>
<p>
				
<span class="codefrag"> 成功返回0，失败返回-1。</span>
			
</p>
<a name="N1017B"></a><a name="getmerge"></a>
<h3 class="h4"> getmerge </h3>
<p>
				
<span class="codefrag">使用方法：hadoop fs -getmerge &lt;src&gt; &lt;localdst&gt; [addnl]</span>
			
</p>
<p>
	  接受一个源目录和一个目标文件作为输入，并且将源目录中所有的文件连接成本地目标文件。<span class="codefrag">addnl</span>是可选的，用于指定在每个文件结尾添加一个换行符。 
	  </p>
<a name="N1018E"></a><a name="ls"></a>
<h3 class="h4"> ls </h3>
<p>
				
<span class="codefrag">使用方法：hadoop fs -ls &lt;args&gt;</span>
			
</p>
<p>如果是文件，则按照如下格式返回文件信息：<br>
<span class="codefrag">文件名 &lt;副本数&gt; 文件大小 修改日期 修改时间 权限 用户ID 组ID</span>
<br>
	         如果是目录，则返回它直接子文件的一个列表，就像在Unix中一样。目录返回列表的信息如下：<br>
<span class="codefrag">目录名 &lt;dir&gt; 修改日期 修改时间 权限 用户ID 组ID</span>
<br>
	         示例：<br>
<span class="codefrag">hadoop fs -ls /user/hadoop/file1 /user/hadoop/file2 hdfs://host:port/user/hadoop/dir1 /nonexistentfile</span>
<br>
	         返回值：<br>
<span class="codefrag"> 成功返回0，失败返回-1。</span>
<br>
</p>
<a name="N101B1"></a><a name="lsr"></a>
<h3 class="h4">lsr</h3>
<p>
<span class="codefrag">使用方法：hadoop fs -lsr &lt;args&gt;</span>
<br>
	      
<span class="codefrag">ls</span>命令的递归版本。类似于Unix中的<span class="codefrag">ls -R</span>。
	      </p>
<a name="N101C4"></a><a name="mkdir"></a>
<h3 class="h4"> mkdir </h3>
<p>
				
<span class="codefrag">使用方法：hadoop fs -mkdir &lt;paths&gt;</span>
				
<br>
			
</p>
<p>接受路径指定的uri作为参数，创建这些目录。其行为类似于Unix的mkdir -p，它会创建路径中的各级父目录。</p>
<p>示例：</p>
<ul>
				
<li>
					
<span class="codefrag">hadoop fs -mkdir /user/hadoop/dir1 /user/hadoop/dir2 </span>
				
</li>
				
<li>
					
<span class="codefrag">hadoop fs -mkdir hdfs://host1:port1/user/hadoop/dir hdfs://host2:port2/user/hadoop/dir
	  </span>
				
</li>
			
</ul>
<p>返回值：</p>
<p>
				
<span class="codefrag">成功返回0，失败返回-1。</span>
			
</p>
<a name="N101F1"></a><a name="movefromLocal"></a>
<h3 class="h4"> movefromLocal </h3>
<p>
				
<span class="codefrag">使用方法：dfs -moveFromLocal &lt;src&gt; &lt;dst&gt;</span>
			
</p>
<p>输出一个&rdquo;not implemented&ldquo;信息。
	   </p>
<a name="N10201"></a><a name="mv"></a>
<h3 class="h4"> mv </h3>
<p>
				
<span class="codefrag">使用方法：hadoop fs -mv URI [URI &hellip;] &lt;dest&gt;</span>
			
</p>
<p>
	    将文件从源路径移动到目标路径。这个命令允许有多个源路径，此时目标路径必须是一个目录。不允许在不同的文件系统间移动文件。
	    <br>
	    示例：
	    </p>
<ul>
				
<li>
					
<span class="codefrag"> hadoop fs -mv /user/hadoop/file1 /user/hadoop/file2</span>
				
</li>
				
<li>
					
<span class="codefrag"> hadoop fs -mv hdfs://host:port/file1 hdfs://host:port/file2 hdfs://host:port/file3 hdfs://host:port/dir1</span>
				
</li>
			
</ul>
<p>返回值：</p>
<p>
				
<span class="codefrag"> 成功返回0，失败返回-1。</span>
			
</p>
<a name="N1022B"></a><a name="put"></a>
<h3 class="h4"> put </h3>
<p>
				
<span class="codefrag">使用方法：hadoop fs -put &lt;localsrc&gt; ... &lt;dst&gt;</span>
			
</p>
<p>从本地文件系统中复制单个或多个源路径到目标文件系统。也支持从标准输入中读取输入写入目标文件系统。<br>
	   
</p>
<ul>
				
<li>
					
<span class="codefrag"> hadoop fs -put localfile /user/hadoop/hadoopfile</span>
				
</li>
				
<li>
					
<span class="codefrag"> hadoop fs -put localfile1 localfile2 /user/hadoop/hadoopdir</span>
				
</li>
				
<li>
					
<span class="codefrag"> hadoop fs -put localfile hdfs://host:port/hadoop/hadoopfile</span>
				
</li>
				
<li>
<span class="codefrag">hadoop fs -put - hdfs://host:port/hadoop/hadoopfile</span>
<br>从标准输入中读取输入。</li>
			
</ul>
<p>返回值：</p>
<p>
				
<span class="codefrag"> 成功返回0，失败返回-1。</span>
			
</p>
<a name="N10262"></a><a name="rm"></a>
<h3 class="h4"> rm </h3>
<p>
				
<span class="codefrag">使用方法：hadoop fs -rm URI [URI &hellip;] </span>
			
</p>
<p>
	   删除指定的文件。只删除非空目录和文件。请参考rmr命令了解递归删除。<br>
	   示例：
	   </p>
<ul>
				
<li>
					
<span class="codefrag"> hadoop fs -rm hdfs://host:port/file /user/hadoop/emptydir </span>
				
</li>
			
</ul>
<p>返回值：</p>
<p>
				
<span class="codefrag"> 成功返回0，失败返回-1。</span>
			
</p>
<a name="N10286"></a><a name="rmr"></a>
<h3 class="h4"> rmr </h3>
<p>
				
<span class="codefrag">使用方法：hadoop fs -rmr URI [URI &hellip;]</span>
			
</p>
<p>delete的递归版本。<br>
	   示例：
	   </p>
<ul>
				
<li>
					
<span class="codefrag"> hadoop fs -rmr /user/hadoop/dir </span>
				
</li>
				
<li>
					
<span class="codefrag"> hadoop fs -rmr hdfs://host:port/user/hadoop/dir </span>
				
</li>
			
</ul>
<p>返回值：</p>
<p>
				
<span class="codefrag"> 成功返回0，失败返回-1。</span>
			
</p>
<a name="N102B0"></a><a name="setrep"></a>
<h3 class="h4"> setrep </h3>
<p>
				
<span class="codefrag">使用方法：hadoop fs -setrep [-R] &lt;path&gt;</span>
			
</p>
<p>
	   改变一个文件的副本系数。-R选项用于递归改变目录下所有文件的副本系数。
	  </p>
<p>示例：</p>
<ul>
				
<li>
					
<span class="codefrag"> hadoop fs -setrep -w 3 -R /user/hadoop/dir1 </span>
				
</li>
			
</ul>
<p>返回值：</p>
<p>
				
<span class="codefrag">成功返回0，失败返回-1。</span>
			
</p>
<a name="N102D5"></a><a name="stat"></a>
<h3 class="h4"> stat </h3>
<p>
				
<span class="codefrag">使用方法：hadoop fs -stat URI [URI &hellip;]</span>
			
</p>
<p>
	   返回指定路径的统计信息。
	   </p>
<p>示例：</p>
<ul>
				
<li>
					
<span class="codefrag"> hadoop fs -stat path </span>
				
</li>
			
</ul>
<p>返回值：<br>
	   
<span class="codefrag"> 成功返回0，失败返回-1。</span>
</p>
<a name="N102F8"></a><a name="tail"></a>
<h3 class="h4"> tail </h3>
<p>
				
<span class="codefrag">使用方法：hadoop fs -tail [-f] URI </span>
			
</p>
<p>
	   将文件尾部1K字节的内容输出到stdout。支持-f选项，行为和Unix中一致。
	   </p>
<p>示例：</p>
<ul>
				
<li>
					
<span class="codefrag"> hadoop fs -tail pathname </span>
				
</li>
			
</ul>
<p>返回值：<br>
	   
<span class="codefrag"> 成功返回0，失败返回-1。</span>
</p>
<a name="N1031B"></a><a name="test"></a>
<h3 class="h4"> test </h3>
<p>
				
<span class="codefrag">使用方法：hadoop fs -test -[ezd] URI</span>
			
</p>
<p>
	   选项：<br>
	   -e 检查文件是否存在。如果存在则返回0。<br>
	   -z 检查文件是否是0字节。如果是则返回0。 <br>
	   -d 如果路径是个目录，则返回1，否则返回0。<br>
</p>
<p>示例：</p>
<ul>
				
<li>
					
<span class="codefrag"> hadoop fs -test -e filename </span>
				
</li>
			
</ul>
<a name="N1033E"></a><a name="text"></a>
<h3 class="h4"> text </h3>
<p>
				
<span class="codefrag">使用方法：hadoop fs -text &lt;src&gt;</span>
				
<br>
			
</p>
<p>
	   将源文件输出为文本格式。允许的格式是zip和TextRecordInputStream。
	  </p>
<a name="N10350"></a><a name="touchz"></a>
<h3 class="h4"> touchz </h3>
<p>
				
<span class="codefrag">使用方法：hadoop fs -touchz URI [URI &hellip;]</span>
				
<br>
			
</p>
<p>
	   创建一个0字节的空文件。
	   </p>
<p>示例：</p>
<ul>
				
<li>
					
<span class="codefrag"> hadoop -touchz pathname </span>
				
</li>
			
</ul>
<p>返回值：<br>
	   
<span class="codefrag"> 成功返回0，失败返回-1。</span>
</p>
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