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  194. <h1>
  195. Hadoop On Demand
  196. </h1>
  197. <div id="minitoc-area">
  198. <ul class="minitoc">
  199. <li>
  200. <a href="#Overview">Overview</a>
  201. </li>
  202. <li>
  203. <a href="#Pre-requisites">Pre-requisites</a>
  204. </li>
  205. <li>
  206. <a href="#Resource+Manager">Resource Manager</a>
  207. </li>
  208. <li>
  209. <a href="#Installing+HOD">Installing HOD</a>
  210. </li>
  211. <li>
  212. <a href="#Configuring+HOD">Configuring HOD</a>
  213. <ul class="minitoc">
  214. <li>
  215. <a href="#Minimal+Configuration">Minimal Configuration</a>
  216. </li>
  217. <li>
  218. <a href="#Advanced+Configuration">Advanced Configuration</a>
  219. </li>
  220. </ul>
  221. </li>
  222. <li>
  223. <a href="#Running+HOD">Running HOD</a>
  224. </li>
  225. <li>
  226. <a href="#Supporting+Tools+and+Utilities">Supporting Tools and Utilities</a>
  227. <ul class="minitoc">
  228. <li>
  229. <a href="#logcondense.py+-+Manage+Log+Files">logcondense.py - Manage Log Files</a>
  230. <ul class="minitoc">
  231. <li>
  232. <a href="#Running+logcondense.py">Running logcondense.py</a>
  233. </li>
  234. <li>
  235. <a href="#Command+Line+Options+for+logcondense.py">Command Line Options for logcondense.py</a>
  236. </li>
  237. </ul>
  238. </li>
  239. <li>
  240. <a href="#checklimits.sh+-+Monitor+Resource+Limits">checklimits.sh - Monitor Resource Limits</a>
  241. <ul class="minitoc">
  242. <li>
  243. <a href="#Running+checklimits.sh">Running checklimits.sh</a>
  244. </li>
  245. </ul>
  246. </li>
  247. </ul>
  248. </li>
  249. </ul>
  250. </div>
  251. <a name="N1000C"></a><a name="Overview"></a>
  252. <h2 class="h3">Overview</h2>
  253. <div class="section">
  254. <p>The Hadoop On Demand (HOD) project is a system for provisioning and
  255. managing independent Hadoop Map/Reduce and Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS)
  256. instances on a shared cluster
  257. of nodes. HOD is a tool that makes it easy for administrators and users to
  258. quickly setup and use Hadoop. It is also a very useful tool for Hadoop developers
  259. and testers who need to share a physical cluster for testing their own Hadoop
  260. versions.
  261. </p>
  262. <p>HOD relies on a resource manager (RM) for allocation of nodes that it can use for
  263. running Hadoop instances. At present it runs with the <a href="http://www.clusterresources.com/pages/products/torque-resource-manager.php">Torque
  264. resource manager</a>.
  265. </p>
  266. <p>
  267. The basic system architecture of HOD includes these components:</p>
  268. <ul>
  269. <li>A Resource manager (possibly together with a scheduler)</li>
  270. <li>Various HOD components</li>
  271. <li>Hadoop Map/Reduce and HDFS daemons</li>
  272. </ul>
  273. <p>
  274. HOD provisions and maintains Hadoop Map/Reduce and, optionally, HDFS instances
  275. through interaction with the above components on a given cluster of nodes. A cluster of
  276. nodes can be thought of as comprising two sets of nodes:</p>
  277. <ul>
  278. <li>Submit nodes: Users use the HOD client on these nodes to allocate clusters, and then
  279. use the Hadoop client to submit Hadoop jobs. </li>
  280. <li>Compute nodes: Using the resource manager, HOD components are run on these nodes to
  281. provision the Hadoop daemons. After that Hadoop jobs run on them.</li>
  282. </ul>
  283. <p>
  284. Here is a brief description of the sequence of operations in allocating a cluster and
  285. running jobs on them.
  286. </p>
  287. <ul>
  288. <li>The user uses the HOD client on the Submit node to allocate a desired number of
  289. cluster nodes and to provision Hadoop on them.</li>
  290. <li>The HOD client uses a resource manager interface (qsub, in Torque) to submit a HOD
  291. process, called the RingMaster, as a Resource Manager job, to request the user's desired number
  292. of nodes. This job is submitted to the central server of the resource manager (pbs_server, in Torque).</li>
  293. <li>On the compute nodes, the resource manager slave daemons (pbs_moms in Torque) accept
  294. and run jobs that they are assigned by the central server (pbs_server in Torque). The RingMaster
  295. process is started on one of the compute nodes (mother superior, in Torque).</li>
  296. <li>The RingMaster then uses another resource manager interface (pbsdsh, in Torque) to run
  297. the second HOD component, HodRing, as distributed tasks on each of the compute
  298. nodes allocated.</li>
  299. <li>The HodRings, after initializing, communicate with the RingMaster to get Hadoop commands,
  300. and run them accordingly. Once the Hadoop commands are started, they register with the RingMaster,
  301. giving information about the daemons.</li>
  302. <li>All the configuration files needed for Hadoop instances are generated by HOD itself,
  303. some obtained from options given by user in its own configuration file.</li>
  304. <li>The HOD client keeps communicating with the RingMaster to find out the location of the
  305. JobTracker and HDFS daemons.</li>
  306. </ul>
  307. <p>The rest of this document describes how to setup HOD on a physical cluster of nodes.</p>
  308. </div>
  309. <a name="N10056"></a><a name="Pre-requisites"></a>
  310. <h2 class="h3">Pre-requisites</h2>
  311. <div class="section">
  312. <p>To use HOD, your system should include the following hardware and software
  313. components.</p>
  314. <p>Operating System: HOD is currently tested on RHEL4.<br>
  315. Nodes : HOD requires a minimum of three nodes configured through a resource manager.<br>
  316. </p>
  317. <p> Software </p>
  318. <p>The following components must be installed on ALL nodes before using HOD:</p>
  319. <ul>
  320. <li>Torque: Resource manager</li>
  321. <li>
  322. <a href="http://www.python.org">Python</a> : HOD requires version 2.5.1 of Python.</li>
  323. </ul>
  324. <p>The following components are optional and can be installed to obtain better
  325. functionality from HOD:</p>
  326. <ul>
  327. <li>
  328. <a href="http://twistedmatrix.com/trac/">Twisted Python</a>: This can be
  329. used for improving the scalability of HOD. If this module is detected to be
  330. installed, HOD uses it, else it falls back to default modules.</li>
  331. <li>
  332. <a href="http://hadoop.apache.org/core/">Hadoop</a>: HOD can automatically
  333. distribute Hadoop to all nodes in the cluster. However, it can also use a
  334. pre-installed version of Hadoop, if it is available on all nodes in the cluster.
  335. HOD currently supports Hadoop 0.15 and above.</li>
  336. </ul>
  337. <p>NOTE: HOD configuration requires the location of installs of these
  338. components to be the same on all nodes in the cluster. It will also
  339. make the configuration simpler to have the same location on the submit
  340. nodes.
  341. </p>
  342. </div>
  343. <a name="N1008D"></a><a name="Resource+Manager"></a>
  344. <h2 class="h3">Resource Manager</h2>
  345. <div class="section">
  346. <p> Currently HOD works with the Torque resource manager, which it uses for its node
  347. allocation and job submission. Torque is an open source resource manager from
  348. <a href="http://www.clusterresources.com">Cluster Resources</a>, a community effort
  349. based on the PBS project. It provides control over batch jobs and distributed compute nodes. Torque is
  350. freely available for download from <a href="http://www.clusterresources.com/downloads/torque/">here</a>.
  351. </p>
  352. <p> All documentation related to torque can be seen under
  353. the section TORQUE Resource Manager <a href="http://www.clusterresources.com/pages/resources/documentation.php">here</a>. You can
  354. get wiki documentation from <a href="http://www.clusterresources.com/wiki/doku.php?id=torque:torque_wiki">here</a>.
  355. Users may wish to subscribe to TORQUE&rsquo;s mailing list or view the archive for questions,
  356. comments <a href="http://www.clusterresources.com/pages/resources/mailing-lists.php">here</a>.
  357. </p>
  358. <p>To use HOD with Torque:</p>
  359. <ul>
  360. <li>Install Torque components: pbs_server on one node (head node), pbs_mom on all
  361. compute nodes, and PBS client tools on all compute nodes and submit
  362. nodes. Perform at least a basic configuration so that the Torque system is up and
  363. running, that is, pbs_server knows which machines to talk to. Look <a href="http://www.clusterresources.com/wiki/doku.php?id=torque:1.2_basic_configuration">here</a>
  364. for basic configuration.
  365. For advanced configuration, see <a href="http://www.clusterresources.com/wiki/doku.php?id=torque:1.3_advanced_configuration">here</a>
  366. </li>
  367. <li>Create a queue for submitting jobs on the pbs_server. The name of the queue is the
  368. same as the HOD configuration parameter, resource-manager.queue. The HOD client uses this queue to
  369. submit the RingMaster process as a Torque job.</li>
  370. <li>Specify a cluster name as a property for all nodes in the cluster.
  371. This can be done by using the qmgr command. For example:
  372. <span class="codefrag">qmgr -c "set node node properties=cluster-name"</span>. The name of the cluster is the same as
  373. the HOD configuration parameter, hod.cluster. </li>
  374. <li>Make sure that jobs can be submitted to the nodes. This can be done by
  375. using the qsub command. For example:
  376. <span class="codefrag">echo "sleep 30" | qsub -l nodes=3</span>
  377. </li>
  378. </ul>
  379. </div>
  380. <a name="N100CC"></a><a name="Installing+HOD"></a>
  381. <h2 class="h3">Installing HOD</h2>
  382. <div class="section">
  383. <p>Once the resource manager is set up, you can obtain and
  384. install HOD.</p>
  385. <ul>
  386. <li>If you are getting HOD from the Hadoop tarball, it is available under the
  387. 'contrib' section of Hadoop, under the root directory 'hod'.</li>
  388. <li>If you are building from source, you can run ant tar from the Hadoop root
  389. directory to generate the Hadoop tarball, and then get HOD from there,
  390. as described above.</li>
  391. <li>Distribute the files under this directory to all the nodes in the
  392. cluster. Note that the location where the files are copied should be
  393. the same on all the nodes.</li>
  394. <li>Note that compiling hadoop would build HOD with appropriate permissions
  395. set on all the required script files in HOD.</li>
  396. </ul>
  397. </div>
  398. <a name="N100E5"></a><a name="Configuring+HOD"></a>
  399. <h2 class="h3">Configuring HOD</h2>
  400. <div class="section">
  401. <p>You can configure HOD once it is installed. The minimal configuration needed
  402. to run HOD is described below. More advanced configuration options are discussed
  403. in the HOD Configuration Guide.</p>
  404. <a name="N100EE"></a><a name="Minimal+Configuration"></a>
  405. <h3 class="h4">Minimal Configuration</h3>
  406. <p>To get started using HOD, the following minimal configuration is
  407. required:</p>
  408. <ul>
  409. <li>On the node from where you want to run HOD, edit the file hodrc
  410. located in the &lt;install dir&gt;/conf directory. This file
  411. contains the minimal set of values required to run hod.</li>
  412. <li>
  413. <p>Specify values suitable to your environment for the following
  414. variables defined in the configuration file. Note that some of these
  415. variables are defined at more than one place in the file.</p>
  416. <ul>
  417. <li>${JAVA_HOME}: Location of Java for Hadoop. Hadoop supports Sun JDK
  418. 1.6.x and above.</li>
  419. <li>${CLUSTER_NAME}: Name of the cluster which is specified in the
  420. 'node property' as mentioned in resource manager configuration.</li>
  421. <li>${HADOOP_HOME}: Location of Hadoop installation on the compute and
  422. submit nodes.</li>
  423. <li>${RM_QUEUE}: Queue configured for submitting jobs in the resource
  424. manager configuration.</li>
  425. <li>${RM_HOME}: Location of the resource manager installation on the
  426. compute and submit nodes.</li>
  427. </ul>
  428. </li>
  429. <li>
  430. <p>The following environment variables may need to be set depending on
  431. your environment. These variables must be defined where you run the
  432. HOD client and must also be specified in the HOD configuration file as the
  433. value of the key resource_manager.env-vars. Multiple variables can be
  434. specified as a comma separated list of key=value pairs.</p>
  435. <ul>
  436. <li>HOD_PYTHON_HOME: If you install python to a non-default location
  437. of the compute nodes, or submit nodes, then this variable must be
  438. defined to point to the python executable in the non-standard
  439. location.</li>
  440. </ul>
  441. </li>
  442. </ul>
  443. <a name="N10122"></a><a name="Advanced+Configuration"></a>
  444. <h3 class="h4">Advanced Configuration</h3>
  445. <p> You can review and modify other configuration options to suit
  446. your specific needs. Refer to the <a href="hod_config_guide.html">Configuration
  447. Guide</a> for more information.</p>
  448. </div>
  449. <a name="N10131"></a><a name="Running+HOD"></a>
  450. <h2 class="h3">Running HOD</h2>
  451. <div class="section">
  452. <p>You can run HOD once it is configured. Refer to <a href="hod_user_guide.html">the HOD User Guide</a> for more information.</p>
  453. </div>
  454. <a name="N1013F"></a><a name="Supporting+Tools+and+Utilities"></a>
  455. <h2 class="h3">Supporting Tools and Utilities</h2>
  456. <div class="section">
  457. <p>This section describes supporting tools and utilities that can be used to
  458. manage HOD deployments.</p>
  459. <a name="N10148"></a><a name="logcondense.py+-+Manage+Log+Files"></a>
  460. <h3 class="h4">logcondense.py - Manage Log Files</h3>
  461. <p>As mentioned in the
  462. <a href="hod_user_guide.html#Collecting+and+Viewing+Hadoop+Logs">HOD User Guide</a>,
  463. HOD can be configured to upload
  464. Hadoop logs to a statically configured HDFS. Over time, the number of logs uploaded
  465. to HDFS could increase. logcondense.py is a tool that helps
  466. administrators to remove log files uploaded to HDFS. </p>
  467. <a name="N10155"></a><a name="Running+logcondense.py"></a>
  468. <h4>Running logcondense.py</h4>
  469. <p>logcondense.py is available under hod_install_location/support folder. You can either
  470. run it using python, for example, <em>python logcondense.py</em>, or give execute permissions
  471. to the file, and directly run it as <em>logcondense.py</em>. logcondense.py needs to be
  472. run by a user who has sufficient permissions to remove files from locations where log
  473. files are uploaded in the HDFS, if permissions are enabled. For example as mentioned in the
  474. <a href="hod_config_guide.html#3.7+hodring+options">configuration guide</a>, the logs could
  475. be configured to come under the user's home directory in HDFS. In that case, the user
  476. running logcondense.py should have super user privileges to remove the files from under
  477. all user home directories.</p>
  478. <a name="N10169"></a><a name="Command+Line+Options+for+logcondense.py"></a>
  479. <h4>Command Line Options for logcondense.py</h4>
  480. <p>The following command line options are supported for logcondense.py.</p>
  481. <table class="ForrestTable" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="4">
  482. <tr>
  483. <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Short Option</td>
  484. <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Long option</td>
  485. <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Meaning</td>
  486. <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Example</td>
  487. </tr>
  488. <tr>
  489. <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">-p</td>
  490. <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">--package</td>
  491. <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Complete path to the hadoop script. The version of hadoop must be the same as the
  492. one running HDFS.</td>
  493. <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">/usr/bin/hadoop</td>
  494. </tr>
  495. <tr>
  496. <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">-d</td>
  497. <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">--days</td>
  498. <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Delete log files older than the specified number of days</td>
  499. <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">7</td>
  500. </tr>
  501. <tr>
  502. <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">-c</td>
  503. <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">--config</td>
  504. <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Path to the Hadoop configuration directory, under which hadoop-site.xml resides.
  505. The hadoop-site.xml must point to the HDFS NameNode from where logs are to be removed.</td>
  506. <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">/home/foo/hadoop/conf</td>
  507. </tr>
  508. <tr>
  509. <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">-l</td>
  510. <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">--logs</td>
  511. <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">A HDFS path, this must be the same HDFS path as specified for the log-destination-uri,
  512. as mentioned in the <a href="hod_config_guide.html#3.7+hodring+options">configuration guide</a>,
  513. without the hdfs:// URI string</td>
  514. <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">/user</td>
  515. </tr>
  516. <tr>
  517. <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">-n</td>
  518. <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">--dynamicdfs</td>
  519. <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">If true, this will indicate that the logcondense.py script should delete HDFS logs
  520. in addition to Map/Reduce logs. Otherwise, it only deletes Map/Reduce logs, which is also the
  521. default if this option is not specified. This option is useful if
  522. dynamic HDFS installations
  523. are being provisioned by HOD, and the static HDFS installation is being used only to collect
  524. logs - a scenario that may be common in test clusters.</td>
  525. <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">false</td>
  526. </tr>
  527. </table>
  528. <p>So, for example, to delete all log files older than 7 days using a hadoop-site.xml stored in
  529. ~/hadoop-conf, using the hadoop installation under ~/hadoop-0.17.0, you could say:</p>
  530. <p>
  531. <em>python logcondense.py -p ~/hadoop-0.17.0/bin/hadoop -d 7 -c ~/hadoop-conf -l /user</em>
  532. </p>
  533. <a name="N1020C"></a><a name="checklimits.sh+-+Monitor+Resource+Limits"></a>
  534. <h3 class="h4">checklimits.sh - Monitor Resource Limits</h3>
  535. <p>checklimits.sh is a HOD tool specific to the Torque/Maui environment
  536. (<a href="http://www.clusterresources.com/pages/products/maui-cluster-scheduler.php">Maui Cluster Scheduler</a> is an open source job
  537. scheduler for clusters and supercomputers, from clusterresources). The
  538. checklimits.sh script
  539. updates the torque comment field when newly submitted job(s) violate or
  540. exceed
  541. over user limits set up in Maui scheduler. It uses qstat, does one pass
  542. over the torque job-list to determine queued or unfinished jobs, runs Maui
  543. tool checkjob on each job to see if user limits are violated and then
  544. runs torque's qalter utility to update job attribute 'comment'. Currently
  545. it updates the comment as <em>User-limits exceeded. Requested:([0-9]*)
  546. Used:([0-9]*) MaxLimit:([0-9]*)</em> for those jobs that violate limits.
  547. This comment field is then used by HOD to behave accordingly depending on
  548. the type of violation.</p>
  549. <a name="N1021C"></a><a name="Running+checklimits.sh"></a>
  550. <h4>Running checklimits.sh</h4>
  551. <p>checklimits.sh is available under the hod_install_location/support
  552. folder. This shell script can be run directly as <em>sh
  553. checklimits.sh </em>or as <em>./checklimits.sh</em> after enabling
  554. execute permissions. Torque and Maui binaries should be available
  555. on the machine where the tool is run and should be in the path
  556. of the shell script process. To update the
  557. comment field of jobs from different users, this tool must be run with
  558. torque administrative privileges. This tool must be run repeatedly
  559. after specific intervals of time to frequently update jobs violating
  560. constraints, for example via cron. Please note that the resource manager
  561. and scheduler commands used in this script can be expensive and so
  562. it is better not to run this inside a tight loop without sleeping.</p>
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