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<h1>Hadoop Shell Commands</h1>
<div id="minitoc-area">
<ul class="minitoc">
<li>
<a href="#FS+Shell"> FS Shell </a>
<ul class="minitoc">
<li>
<a href="#cat"> cat </a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#chgrp"> chgrp </a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#chmod"> chmod </a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#chown"> chown </a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#copyFromLocal">copyFromLocal</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#copyToLocal"> copyToLocal</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#cp"> cp </a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#du">du</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#dus"> dus </a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#expunge"> expunge </a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#get"> get </a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#getmerge"> getmerge </a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#ls"> ls </a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#lsr">lsr</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#mkdir"> mkdir </a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#movefromLocal"> movefromLocal </a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#mv"> mv </a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#put"> put </a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#rm"> rm </a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#rmr"> rmr </a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#setrep"> setrep </a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#stat"> stat </a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#tail"> tail </a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#test"> test </a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#text"> text </a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#touchz"> touchz </a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
		
<a name="N1000D"></a><a name="FS+Shell"></a>
<h2 class="h3"> FS Shell </h2>
<div class="section">
<p>
      The FileSystem (FS) shell is invoked by 
      <span class="codefrag">bin/hadoop fs &lt;args&gt;</span>.
      All the FS shell commands take path URIs as arguments. The URI
      format is <em>scheme://autority/path</em>. For HDFS the scheme
      is <em>hdfs</em>, and for the local filesystem the scheme
      is <em>file</em>. The scheme and authority are optional. If not
      specified, the default scheme specified in the configuration is
      used. An HDFS file or directory such as <em>/parent/child</em>
      can be specified as <em>hdfs://namenodehost/parent/child</em> or
      simply as <em>/parent/child</em> (given that your configuration
      is set to point to <em>hdfs://namenodehost</em>). Most of the
      commands in FS shell behave like corresponding Unix
      commands. Differences are described with each of the
      commands. Error information is sent to <em>stderr</em> and the
      output is sent to <em>stdout</em>.
  </p>
<a name="N10034"></a><a name="cat"></a>
<h3 class="h4"> cat </h3>
<p>
				
<span class="codefrag">Usage: hadoop fs -cat URI [URI &hellip;]</span>
			
</p>
<p>
		   Copies source paths to <em>stdout</em>. 
		   </p>
<p>Example:</p>
<ul>
				
<li>
					
<span class="codefrag"> hadoop fs -cat hdfs://nn1.example.com/file1 hdfs://nn2.example.com/file2 
		   </span>
				
</li>
				
<li>
					
<span class="codefrag">hadoop fs -cat file:///file3 /user/hadoop/file4 </span>
				
</li>
			
</ul>
<p>Exit Code:<br>
		   
<span class="codefrag"> Returns 0 on success and -1 on error. </span>
</p>
<a name="N10060"></a><a name="chgrp"></a>
<h3 class="h4"> chgrp </h3>
<p>
				
<span class="codefrag">Usage: hadoop fs -chgrp [-R] GROUP URI [URI &hellip;]</span>
			
</p>
<p>
	    Change group association of files. With <span class="codefrag">-R</span>, make the change recursively through the directory structure. The user must be the owner of files, or else a super-user. Additional information is in the <a href="hdfs_permissions_guide.html">Permissions User Guide</a>.
	    </p>
<a name="N10077"></a><a name="chmod"></a>
<h3 class="h4"> chmod </h3>
<p>
				
<span class="codefrag">Usage: hadoop fs -chmod [-R] &lt;MODE[,MODE]... | OCTALMODE&gt; URI [URI &hellip;]</span>
			
</p>
<p>
	    Change the permissions of files. With <span class="codefrag">-R</span>, make the change recursively through the directory structure. The user must be the owner of the file, or else a super-user. Additional information is in the <a href="hdfs_permissions_guide.html">Permissions User Guide</a>.
	    </p>
<a name="N1008E"></a><a name="chown"></a>
<h3 class="h4"> chown </h3>
<p>
				
<span class="codefrag">Usage: hadoop fs -chown [-R] [OWNER][:[GROUP]] URI [URI ]</span>
			
</p>
<p>
	    Change the owner of files. With <span class="codefrag">-R</span>, make the change recursively through the directory structure. The user must be a super-user. Additional information is in the <a href="hdfs_permissions_guide.html">Permissions User Guide</a>.
	    </p>
<a name="N100A5"></a><a name="copyFromLocal"></a>
<h3 class="h4">copyFromLocal</h3>
<p>
				
<span class="codefrag">Usage: hadoop fs -copyFromLocal &lt;localsrc&gt; URI</span>
			
</p>
<p>Similar to <a href="#putlink"><strong>put</strong></a> command, except that the source is restricted to a local file reference. </p>
<a name="N100BA"></a><a name="copyToLocal"></a>
<h3 class="h4"> copyToLocal</h3>
<p>
				
<span class="codefrag">Usage: hadoop fs -copyToLocal [-ignorecrc] [-crc] URI &lt;localdst&gt;</span>
			
</p>
<p> Similar to <a href="#getlink"><strong>get</strong></a> command, except that the destination is restricted to a local file reference.</p>
<a name="N100CF"></a><a name="cp"></a>
<h3 class="h4"> cp </h3>
<p>
				
<span class="codefrag">Usage: hadoop fs -cp URI [URI &hellip;] &lt;dest&gt;</span>
			
</p>
<p>
	    Copy files from source to destination. This command allows multiple sources as well in which case the destination must be a directory.
	    <br>
	    Example:</p>
<ul>
				
<li>
					
<span class="codefrag"> hadoop fs -cp /user/hadoop/file1 /user/hadoop/file2</span>
				
</li>
				
<li>
					
<span class="codefrag"> hadoop fs -cp /user/hadoop/file1 /user/hadoop/file2 /user/hadoop/dir </span>
				
</li>
			
</ul>
<p>Exit Code:</p>
<p>
				
<span class="codefrag"> Returns 0 on success and -1 on error.</span>
			
</p>
<a name="N100F9"></a><a name="du"></a>
<h3 class="h4">du</h3>
<p>
				
<span class="codefrag">Usage: hadoop fs -du URI [URI &hellip;]</span>
			
</p>
<p>
	     Displays aggregate length of  files contained in the directory or the length of a file in case its just a file.<br>
	     Example:<br>
<span class="codefrag">hadoop fs -du /user/hadoop/dir1 /user/hadoop/file1 hdfs://nn.example.com/user/hadoop/dir1</span>
<br>
	     Exit Code:<br>
<span class="codefrag"> Returns 0 on success and -1 on error. </span>
<br>
</p>
<a name="N10114"></a><a name="dus"></a>
<h3 class="h4"> dus </h3>
<p>
				
<span class="codefrag">Usage: hadoop fs -dus &lt;args&gt;</span>
			
</p>
<p>
	    Displays a summary of file lengths.
	   </p>
<a name="N10124"></a><a name="expunge"></a>
<h3 class="h4"> expunge </h3>
<p>
				
<span class="codefrag">Usage: hadoop fs -expunge</span>
			
</p>
<p>Empty the Trash. Refer to <a href="hdfs_design.html">HDFS Design</a> for more information on Trash feature.
	   </p>
<a name="N10138"></a><a name="get"></a>
<h3 class="h4"> get </h3>
<p>
				
<span class="codefrag">Usage: hadoop fs -get [-ignorecrc] [-crc] &lt;src&gt; &lt;localdst&gt;</span>
				
<br>
			
</p>
<p>
	   Copy files to the local file system. Files that fail the CRC check may be copied with the  
	   <span class="codefrag">-ignorecrc</span> option. Files and CRCs may be copied using the 
	   <span class="codefrag">-crc</span> option.
	  </p>
<p>Example:</p>
<ul>
				
<li>
					
<span class="codefrag"> hadoop fs -get /user/hadoop/file localfile </span>
				
</li>
				
<li>
					
<span class="codefrag"> hadoop fs -get hdfs://nn.example.com/user/hadoop/file localfile</span>
				
</li>
			
</ul>
<p>Exit Code:</p>
<p>
				
<span class="codefrag"> Returns 0 on success and -1 on error. </span>
			
</p>
<a name="N1016C"></a><a name="getmerge"></a>
<h3 class="h4"> getmerge </h3>
<p>
				
<span class="codefrag">Usage: hadoop fs -getmerge &lt;src&gt; &lt;localdst&gt; [addnl]</span>
			
</p>
<p>
	  Takes a source directory and a destination file as input and concatenates files in src into the destination local file. Optionally <span class="codefrag">addnl</span> can be set to enable adding a newline character at the end of each file.  
	  </p>
<a name="N1017F"></a><a name="ls"></a>
<h3 class="h4"> ls </h3>
<p>
				
<span class="codefrag">Usage: hadoop fs -ls &lt;args&gt;</span>
			
</p>
<p>
		 For a file returns stat on the file with the following format:<br>
<span class="codefrag">filename &lt;number of replicas&gt; filesize modification_date modification_time permissions userid groupid</span>
<br>
	         For a directory it returns list of its direct children as in unix.
	         A directory is listed as: <br>
<span class="codefrag">dirname &lt;dir&gt; modification_time modification_time permissions userid groupid</span>
<br>
	         Example:<br>
<span class="codefrag">hadoop fs -ls /user/hadoop/file1 /user/hadoop/file2 hdfs://nn.example.com/user/hadoop/dir1 /nonexistentfile</span>
<br>
	         Exit Code:<br>
<span class="codefrag"> Returns 0 on success and -1 on error. </span>
<br>
</p>
<a name="N101A2"></a><a name="lsr"></a>
<h3 class="h4">lsr</h3>
<p>
<span class="codefrag">Usage: hadoop fs -lsr &lt;args&gt;</span>
<br>
	      Recursive version of <span class="codefrag">ls</span>. Similar to Unix <span class="codefrag">ls -R</span>.
	      </p>
<a name="N101B5"></a><a name="mkdir"></a>
<h3 class="h4"> mkdir </h3>
<p>
				
<span class="codefrag">Usage: hadoop fs -mkdir &lt;paths&gt;</span>
				
<br>
			
</p>
<p>
	   Takes path uri's as argument and creates directories. The behavior is much like unix mkdir -p creating parent directories along the path.
	  </p>
<p>Example:</p>
<ul>
				
<li>
					
<span class="codefrag">hadoop fs -mkdir /user/hadoop/dir1 /user/hadoop/dir2 </span>
				
</li>
				
<li>
					
<span class="codefrag">hadoop fs -mkdir hdfs://nn1.example.com/user/hadoop/dir hdfs://nn2.example.com/user/hadoop/dir
	  </span>
				
</li>
			
</ul>
<p>Exit Code:</p>
<p>
				
<span class="codefrag">Returns 0 on success and -1 on error.</span>
			
</p>
<a name="N101E2"></a><a name="movefromLocal"></a>
<h3 class="h4"> movefromLocal </h3>
<p>
				
<span class="codefrag">Usage: dfs -moveFromLocal &lt;src&gt; &lt;dst&gt;</span>
			
</p>
<p>Displays a "not implemented" message.
	   </p>
<a name="N101F2"></a><a name="mv"></a>
<h3 class="h4"> mv </h3>
<p>
				
<span class="codefrag">Usage: hadoop fs -mv URI [URI &hellip;] &lt;dest&gt;</span>
			
</p>
<p>
	    Moves files from source to destination. This command allows multiple sources as well in which case the destination needs to be a directory. Moving files across filesystems is not permitted.
	    <br>
	    Example:
	    </p>
<ul>
				
<li>
					
<span class="codefrag"> hadoop fs -mv /user/hadoop/file1 /user/hadoop/file2</span>
				
</li>
				
<li>
					
<span class="codefrag"> hadoop fs -mv hdfs://nn.example.com/file1 hdfs://nn.example.com/file2 hdfs://nn.example.com/file3 hdfs://nn.example.com/dir1</span>
				
</li>
			
</ul>
<p>Exit Code:</p>
<p>
				
<span class="codefrag"> Returns 0 on success and -1 on error.</span>
			
</p>
<a name="N1021C"></a><a name="put"></a>
<h3 class="h4"> put </h3>
<p>
				
<span class="codefrag">Usage: hadoop fs -put &lt;localsrc&gt; ... &lt;dst&gt;</span>
			
</p>
<p>Copy single src, or multiple srcs from local file system to the destination filesystem. Also reads input from stdin and writes to destination filesystem.<br>
	   
</p>
<ul>
				
<li>
					
<span class="codefrag"> hadoop fs -put localfile /user/hadoop/hadoopfile</span>
				
</li>
				
<li>
					
<span class="codefrag"> hadoop fs -put localfile1 localfile2 /user/hadoop/hadoopdir</span>
				
</li>
				
<li>
					
<span class="codefrag"> hadoop fs -put localfile hdfs://nn.example.com/hadoop/hadoopfile</span>
				
</li>
				
<li>
<span class="codefrag">hadoop fs -put - hdfs://nn.example.com/hadoop/hadoopfile</span>
<br>Reads the input from stdin.</li>
			
</ul>
<p>Exit Code:</p>
<p>
				
<span class="codefrag"> Returns 0 on success and -1 on error. </span>
			
</p>
<a name="N10253"></a><a name="rm"></a>
<h3 class="h4"> rm </h3>
<p>
				
<span class="codefrag">Usage: hadoop fs -rm URI [URI &hellip;] </span>
			
</p>
<p>
	   Delete files specified as args. Only deletes non empty directory and files. Refer to rmr for recursive deletes.<br>
	   Example:
	   </p>
<ul>
				
<li>
					
<span class="codefrag"> hadoop fs -rm hdfs://nn.example.com/file /user/hadoop/emptydir </span>
				
</li>
			
</ul>
<p>Exit Code:</p>
<p>
				
<span class="codefrag"> Returns 0 on success and -1 on error.</span>
			
</p>
<a name="N10277"></a><a name="rmr"></a>
<h3 class="h4"> rmr </h3>
<p>
				
<span class="codefrag">Usage: hadoop fs -rmr URI [URI &hellip;]</span>
			
</p>
<p>Recursive version of delete.<br>
	   Example:
	   </p>
<ul>
				
<li>
					
<span class="codefrag"> hadoop fs -rmr /user/hadoop/dir </span>
				
</li>
				
<li>
					
<span class="codefrag"> hadoop fs -rmr hdfs://nn.example.com/user/hadoop/dir </span>
				
</li>
			
</ul>
<p>Exit Code:</p>
<p>
				
<span class="codefrag"> Returns 0 on success and -1 on error. </span>
			
</p>
<a name="N102A1"></a><a name="setrep"></a>
<h3 class="h4"> setrep </h3>
<p>
				
<span class="codefrag">Usage: hadoop fs -setrep [-R] &lt;path&gt;</span>
			
</p>
<p>
	   Changes the replication factor of a file. -R option is for recursively increasing the replication factor of files within a directory.
	  </p>
<p>Example:</p>
<ul>
				
<li>
					
<span class="codefrag"> hadoop fs -setrep -w 3 -R /user/hadoop/dir1 </span>
				
</li>
			
</ul>
<p>Exit Code:</p>
<p>
				
<span class="codefrag">Returns 0 on success and -1 on error. </span>
			
</p>
<a name="N102C6"></a><a name="stat"></a>
<h3 class="h4"> stat </h3>
<p>
				
<span class="codefrag">Usage: hadoop fs -stat URI [URI &hellip;]</span>
			
</p>
<p>
	   Returns the stat information on the path.
	   </p>
<p>Example:</p>
<ul>
				
<li>
					
<span class="codefrag"> hadoop fs -stat path </span>
				
</li>
			
</ul>
<p>Exit Code:<br>
	   
<span class="codefrag"> Returns 0 on success and -1 on error.</span>
</p>
<a name="N102E9"></a><a name="tail"></a>
<h3 class="h4"> tail </h3>
<p>
				
<span class="codefrag">Usage: hadoop fs -tail [-f] URI </span>
			
</p>
<p>
	   Displays last kilobyte of the file to stdout. -f option can be used as in Unix.
	   </p>
<p>Example:</p>
<ul>
				
<li>
					
<span class="codefrag"> hadoop fs -tail pathname </span>
				
</li>
			
</ul>
<p>Exit Code: <br>
	   
<span class="codefrag"> Returns 0 on success and -1 on error.</span>
</p>
<a name="N1030C"></a><a name="test"></a>
<h3 class="h4"> test </h3>
<p>
				
<span class="codefrag">Usage: hadoop fs -test -[ezd] URI</span>
			
</p>
<p>
	   Options: <br>
	   -e check to see if the file exists. Return 0 if true. <br>
	   -z check to see if the file is zero length. Return 0 if true <br>
	   -d check return 1 if the path is directory else return 0. <br>
</p>
<p>Example:</p>
<ul>
				
<li>
					
<span class="codefrag"> hadoop fs -test -e filename </span>
				
</li>
			
</ul>
<a name="N1032F"></a><a name="text"></a>
<h3 class="h4"> text </h3>
<p>
				
<span class="codefrag">Usage: hadoop fs -text &lt;src&gt;</span>
				
<br>
			
</p>
<p>
	   Takes a source file and outputs the file in text format. The allowed formats are zip and TextRecordInputStream.
	  </p>
<a name="N10341"></a><a name="touchz"></a>
<h3 class="h4"> touchz </h3>
<p>
				
<span class="codefrag">Usage: hadoop fs -touchz URI [URI &hellip;]</span>
				
<br>
			
</p>
<p>
	   Create a file of zero length.
	   </p>
<p>Example:</p>
<ul>
				
<li>
					
<span class="codefrag"> hadoop -touchz pathname </span>
				
</li>
			
</ul>
<p>Exit Code:<br>
	   
<span class="codefrag"> Returns 0 on success and -1 on error.</span>
</p>
</div>
	
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