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  179. <h1>
  180. Hadoop On Demand
  181. </h1>
  182. <div id="minitoc-area">
  183. <ul class="minitoc">
  184. <li>
  185. <a href="#Overview">Overview</a>
  186. </li>
  187. <li>
  188. <a href="#Pre-requisites">Pre-requisites</a>
  189. </li>
  190. <li>
  191. <a href="#Resource+Manager">Resource Manager</a>
  192. </li>
  193. <li>
  194. <a href="#Installing+HOD">Installing HOD</a>
  195. </li>
  196. <li>
  197. <a href="#Configuring+HOD">Configuring HOD</a>
  198. <ul class="minitoc">
  199. <li>
  200. <a href="#Minimal+Configuration+to+get+started">Minimal Configuration to get started</a>
  201. </li>
  202. <li>
  203. <a href="#Advanced+Configuration">Advanced Configuration</a>
  204. </li>
  205. </ul>
  206. </li>
  207. <li>
  208. <a href="#Running+HOD">Running HOD</a>
  209. </li>
  210. <li>
  211. <a href="#Supporting+Tools+and+Utilities">Supporting Tools and Utilities</a>
  212. <ul class="minitoc">
  213. <li>
  214. <a href="#logcondense.py+-+Tool+for+removing+log+files+uploaded+to+DFS">logcondense.py - Tool for removing log files uploaded to DFS</a>
  215. <ul class="minitoc">
  216. <li>
  217. <a href="#Running+logcondense.py">Running logcondense.py</a>
  218. </li>
  219. <li>
  220. <a href="#Command+Line+Options+for+logcondense.py">Command Line Options for logcondense.py</a>
  221. </li>
  222. </ul>
  223. </li>
  224. <li>
  225. <a href="#checklimits.sh+-+Tool+to+update+torque+comment+field+reflecting+resource+limits">checklimits.sh - Tool to update torque comment field reflecting resource limits</a>
  226. <ul class="minitoc">
  227. <li>
  228. <a href="#Running+checklimits.sh">Running checklimits.sh</a>
  229. </li>
  230. </ul>
  231. </li>
  232. </ul>
  233. </li>
  234. </ul>
  235. </div>
  236. <a name="N1000C"></a><a name="Overview"></a>
  237. <h2 class="h3">Overview</h2>
  238. <div class="section">
  239. <p>The Hadoop On Demand (HOD) project is a system for provisioning and
  240. managing independent Hadoop MapReduce and HDFS instances on a shared cluster
  241. of nodes. HOD is a tool that makes it easy for administrators and users to
  242. quickly setup and use Hadoop. It is also a very useful tool for Hadoop developers
  243. and testers who need to share a physical cluster for testing their own Hadoop
  244. versions.
  245. </p>
  246. <p>HOD relies on a resource manager (RM) for allocation of nodes that it can use for
  247. running Hadoop instances. At present it runs with the <a href="http://www.clusterresources.com/pages/products/torque-resource-manager.php">Torque
  248. resource manager</a>.
  249. </p>
  250. <p>
  251. The basic system architecture of HOD includes components from:</p>
  252. <ul>
  253. <li>A Resource manager (possibly together with a scheduler),</li>
  254. <li>HOD components, and </li>
  255. <li>Hadoop Map/Reduce and HDFS daemons.</li>
  256. </ul>
  257. <p>
  258. HOD provisions and maintains Hadoop Map/Reduce and, optionally, HDFS instances
  259. through interaction with the above components on a given cluster of nodes. A cluster of
  260. nodes can be thought of as comprising of two sets of nodes:</p>
  261. <ul>
  262. <li>Submit nodes: Users use the HOD client on these nodes to allocate clusters, and then
  263. use the Hadoop client to submit Hadoop jobs. </li>
  264. <li>Compute nodes: Using the resource manager, HOD components are run on these nodes to
  265. provision the Hadoop daemons. After that Hadoop jobs run on them.</li>
  266. </ul>
  267. <p>
  268. Here is a brief description of the sequence of operations in allocating a cluster and
  269. running jobs on them.
  270. </p>
  271. <ul>
  272. <li>The user uses the HOD client on the Submit node to allocate a required number of
  273. cluster nodes, and provision Hadoop on them.</li>
  274. <li>The HOD client uses a Resource Manager interface, (qsub, in Torque), to submit a HOD
  275. process, called the RingMaster, as a Resource Manager job, requesting the user desired number
  276. of nodes. This job is submitted to the central server of the Resource Manager (pbs_server, in Torque).</li>
  277. <li>On the compute nodes, the resource manager slave daemons, (pbs_moms in Torque), accept
  278. and run jobs that they are given by the central server (pbs_server in Torque). The RingMaster
  279. process is started on one of the compute nodes (mother superior, in Torque).</li>
  280. <li>The Ringmaster then uses another Resource Manager interface, (pbsdsh, in Torque), to run
  281. the second HOD component, HodRing, as distributed tasks on each of the compute
  282. nodes allocated.</li>
  283. <li>The Hodrings, after initializing, communicate with the Ringmaster to get Hadoop commands,
  284. and run them accordingly. Once the Hadoop commands are started, they register with the RingMaster,
  285. giving information about the daemons.</li>
  286. <li>All the configuration files needed for Hadoop instances are generated by HOD itself,
  287. some obtained from options given by user in its own configuration file.</li>
  288. <li>The HOD client keeps communicating with the RingMaster to find out the location of the
  289. JobTracker and HDFS daemons.</li>
  290. </ul>
  291. <p>The rest of the document deals with the steps needed to setup HOD on a physical cluster of nodes.</p>
  292. </div>
  293. <a name="N10056"></a><a name="Pre-requisites"></a>
  294. <h2 class="h3">Pre-requisites</h2>
  295. <div class="section">
  296. <p>Operating System: HOD is currently tested on RHEL4.<br>
  297. Nodes : HOD requires a minimum of 3 nodes configured through a resource manager.<br>
  298. </p>
  299. <p> Software </p>
  300. <p>The following components are to be installed on *ALL* the nodes before using HOD:</p>
  301. <ul>
  302. <li>Torque: Resource manager</li>
  303. <li>
  304. <a href="http://www.python.org">Python</a> : HOD requires version 2.5.1 of Python.</li>
  305. </ul>
  306. <p>The following components can be optionally installed for getting better
  307. functionality from HOD:</p>
  308. <ul>
  309. <li>
  310. <a href="http://twistedmatrix.com/trac/">Twisted Python</a>: This can be
  311. used for improving the scalability of HOD. If this module is detected to be
  312. installed, HOD uses it, else it falls back to default modules.</li>
  313. <li>
  314. <a href="http://hadoop.apache.org/core/">Hadoop</a>: HOD can automatically
  315. distribute Hadoop to all nodes in the cluster. However, it can also use a
  316. pre-installed version of Hadoop, if it is available on all nodes in the cluster.
  317. HOD currently supports Hadoop 0.15 and above.</li>
  318. </ul>
  319. <p>NOTE: HOD configuration requires the location of installs of these
  320. components to be the same on all nodes in the cluster. It will also
  321. make the configuration simpler to have the same location on the submit
  322. nodes.
  323. </p>
  324. </div>
  325. <a name="N1008A"></a><a name="Resource+Manager"></a>
  326. <h2 class="h3">Resource Manager</h2>
  327. <div class="section">
  328. <p> Currently HOD works with the Torque resource manager, which it uses for its node
  329. allocation and job submission. Torque is an open source resource manager from
  330. <a href="http://www.clusterresources.com">Cluster Resources</a>, a community effort
  331. based on the PBS project. It provides control over batch jobs and distributed compute nodes. Torque is
  332. freely available for download from <a href="http://www.clusterresources.com/downloads/torque/">here</a>.
  333. </p>
  334. <p> All documentation related to torque can be seen under
  335. the section TORQUE Resource Manager <a href="http://www.clusterresources.com/pages/resources/documentation.php">here</a>. You can
  336. get wiki documentation from <a href="http://www.clusterresources.com/wiki/doku.php?id=torque:torque_wiki">here</a>.
  337. Users may wish to subscribe to TORQUE&rsquo;s mailing list or view the archive for questions,
  338. comments <a href="http://www.clusterresources.com/pages/resources/mailing-lists.php">here</a>.
  339. </p>
  340. <p>For using HOD with Torque:</p>
  341. <ul>
  342. <li>Install Torque components: pbs_server on one node(head node), pbs_mom on all
  343. compute nodes, and PBS client tools on all compute nodes and submit
  344. nodes. Perform atleast a basic configuration so that the Torque system is up and
  345. running i.e pbs_server knows which machines to talk to. Look <a href="http://www.clusterresources.com/wiki/doku.php?id=torque:1.2_basic_configuration">here</a>
  346. for basic configuration.
  347. For advanced configuration, see <a href="http://www.clusterresources.com/wiki/doku.php?id=torque:1.3_advanced_configuration">here</a>
  348. </li>
  349. <li>Create a queue for submitting jobs on the pbs_server. The name of the queue is the
  350. same as the HOD configuration parameter, resource-manager.queue. The Hod client uses this queue to
  351. submit the Ringmaster process as a Torque job.</li>
  352. <li>Specify a 'cluster name' as a 'property' for all nodes in the cluster.
  353. This can be done by using the 'qmgr' command. For example:
  354. qmgr -c "set node node properties=cluster-name". The name of the cluster is the same as
  355. the HOD configuration parameter, hod.cluster. </li>
  356. <li>Ensure that jobs can be submitted to the nodes. This can be done by
  357. using the 'qsub' command. For example:
  358. echo "sleep 30" | qsub -l nodes=3</li>
  359. </ul>
  360. </div>
  361. <a name="N100C4"></a><a name="Installing+HOD"></a>
  362. <h2 class="h3">Installing HOD</h2>
  363. <div class="section">
  364. <p>Now that the resource manager set up is done, we proceed on to obtaining and
  365. installing HOD.</p>
  366. <ul>
  367. <li>If you are getting HOD from the Hadoop tarball,it is available under the
  368. 'contrib' section of Hadoop, under the root directory 'hod'.</li>
  369. <li>If you are building from source, you can run ant tar from the Hadoop root
  370. directory, to generate the Hadoop tarball, and then pick HOD from there,
  371. as described in the point above.</li>
  372. <li>Distribute the files under this directory to all the nodes in the
  373. cluster. Note that the location where the files are copied should be
  374. the same on all the nodes.</li>
  375. <li>Note that compiling hadoop would build HOD with appropriate permissions
  376. set on all the required script files in HOD.</li>
  377. </ul>
  378. </div>
  379. <a name="N100DD"></a><a name="Configuring+HOD"></a>
  380. <h2 class="h3">Configuring HOD</h2>
  381. <div class="section">
  382. <p>After HOD installation is done, it has to be configured before we start using
  383. it.</p>
  384. <a name="N100E6"></a><a name="Minimal+Configuration+to+get+started"></a>
  385. <h3 class="h4">Minimal Configuration to get started</h3>
  386. <ul>
  387. <li>On the node from where you want to run hod, edit the file hodrc
  388. which can be found in the &lt;install dir&gt;/conf directory. This file
  389. contains the minimal set of values required for running hod.</li>
  390. <li>
  391. <p>Specify values suitable to your environment for the following
  392. variables defined in the configuration file. Note that some of these
  393. variables are defined at more than one place in the file.</p>
  394. <ul>
  395. <li>${JAVA_HOME}: Location of Java for Hadoop. Hadoop supports Sun JDK
  396. 1.5.x and above.</li>
  397. <li>${CLUSTER_NAME}: Name of the cluster which is specified in the
  398. 'node property' as mentioned in resource manager configuration.</li>
  399. <li>${HADOOP_HOME}: Location of Hadoop installation on the compute and
  400. submit nodes.</li>
  401. <li>${RM_QUEUE}: Queue configured for submiting jobs in the resource
  402. manager configuration.</li>
  403. <li>${RM_HOME}: Location of the resource manager installation on the
  404. compute and submit nodes.</li>
  405. </ul>
  406. </li>
  407. <li>
  408. <p>The following environment variables *may* need to be set depending on
  409. your environment. These variables must be defined where you run the
  410. HOD client, and also be specified in the HOD configuration file as the
  411. value of the key resource_manager.env-vars. Multiple variables can be
  412. specified as a comma separated list of key=value pairs.</p>
  413. <ul>
  414. <li>HOD_PYTHON_HOME: If you install python to a non-default location
  415. of the compute nodes, or submit nodes, then, this variable must be
  416. defined to point to the python executable in the non-standard
  417. location.</li>
  418. </ul>
  419. </li>
  420. </ul>
  421. <a name="N10117"></a><a name="Advanced+Configuration"></a>
  422. <h3 class="h4">Advanced Configuration</h3>
  423. <p> You can review other configuration options in the file and modify them to suit
  424. your needs. Refer to the <a href="hod_config_guide.html">Configuration Guide</a> for information about the HOD
  425. configuration.
  426. </p>
  427. </div>
  428. <a name="N10126"></a><a name="Running+HOD"></a>
  429. <h2 class="h3">Running HOD</h2>
  430. <div class="section">
  431. <p>You can now proceed to <a href="hod_user_guide.html">HOD User Guide</a> for information about how to run HOD,
  432. what are the various features, options and for help in trouble-shooting.</p>
  433. </div>
  434. <a name="N10134"></a><a name="Supporting+Tools+and+Utilities"></a>
  435. <h2 class="h3">Supporting Tools and Utilities</h2>
  436. <div class="section">
  437. <p>This section describes certain supporting tools and utilities that can be used in managing HOD deployments.</p>
  438. <a name="N1013D"></a><a name="logcondense.py+-+Tool+for+removing+log+files+uploaded+to+DFS"></a>
  439. <h3 class="h4">logcondense.py - Tool for removing log files uploaded to DFS</h3>
  440. <p>As mentioned in
  441. <a href="hod_user_guide.html#Collecting+and+Viewing+Hadoop+Logs">this section</a> of the
  442. <a href="hod_user_guide.html">HOD User Guide</a>, HOD can be configured to upload
  443. Hadoop logs to a statically configured HDFS. Over time, the number of logs uploaded
  444. to DFS could increase. logcondense.py is a tool that helps administrators to clean-up
  445. the log files older than a certain number of days. </p>
  446. <a name="N1014E"></a><a name="Running+logcondense.py"></a>
  447. <h4>Running logcondense.py</h4>
  448. <p>logcondense.py is available under hod_install_location/support folder. You can either
  449. run it using python, for e.g. <em>python logcondense.py</em>, or give execute permissions
  450. to the file, and directly run it as <em>logcondense.py</em>. logcondense.py needs to be
  451. run by a user who has sufficient permissions to remove files from locations where log
  452. files are uploaded in the DFS, if permissions are enabled. For e.g. as mentioned in the
  453. <a href="hod_config_guide.html#3.7+hodring+options">configuration guide</a>, the logs could
  454. be configured to come under the user's home directory in HDFS. In that case, the user
  455. running logcondense.py should have super user privileges to remove the files from under
  456. all user home directories.</p>
  457. <a name="N10162"></a><a name="Command+Line+Options+for+logcondense.py"></a>
  458. <h4>Command Line Options for logcondense.py</h4>
  459. <p>The following command line options are supported for logcondense.py.</p>
  460. <table class="ForrestTable" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="4">
  461. <tr>
  462. <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Short Option</td>
  463. <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Long option</td>
  464. <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Meaning</td>
  465. <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Example</td>
  466. </tr>
  467. <tr>
  468. <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">-p</td>
  469. <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">--package</td>
  470. <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Complete path to the hadoop script. The version of hadoop must be the same as the
  471. one running HDFS.</td>
  472. <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">/usr/bin/hadoop</td>
  473. </tr>
  474. <tr>
  475. <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">-d</td>
  476. <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">--days</td>
  477. <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Delete log files older than the specified number of days</td>
  478. <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">7</td>
  479. </tr>
  480. <tr>
  481. <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">-c</td>
  482. <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">--config</td>
  483. <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Path to the Hadoop configuration directory, under which hadoop-site.xml resides.
  484. The hadoop-site.xml must point to the HDFS NameNode from where logs are to be removed.</td>
  485. <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">/home/foo/hadoop/conf</td>
  486. </tr>
  487. <tr>
  488. <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">-l</td>
  489. <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">--logs</td>
  490. <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">A HDFS path, this must be the same HDFS path as specified for the log-destination-uri,
  491. as mentioned in the <a href="hod_config_guide.html#3.7+hodring+options">configuration guide</a>,
  492. without the hdfs:// URI string</td>
  493. <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">/user</td>
  494. </tr>
  495. <tr>
  496. <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">-n</td>
  497. <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">--dynamicdfs</td>
  498. <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">If true, this will indicate that the logcondense.py script should delete HDFS logs
  499. in addition to Map/Reduce logs. Otherwise, it only deletes Map/Reduce logs, which is also the
  500. default if this option is not specified. This option is useful if dynamic DFS installations
  501. are being provisioned by HOD, and the static DFS installation is being used only to collect
  502. logs - a scenario that may be common in test clusters.</td>
  503. <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">false</td>
  504. </tr>
  505. </table>
  506. <p>So, for example, to delete all log files older than 7 days using a hadoop-site.xml stored in
  507. ~/hadoop-conf, using the hadoop installation under ~/hadoop-0.17.0, you could say:</p>
  508. <p>
  509. <em>python logcondense.py -p ~/hadoop-0.17.0/bin/hadoop -d 7 -c ~/hadoop-conf -l /user</em>
  510. </p>
  511. <a name="N10205"></a><a name="checklimits.sh+-+Tool+to+update+torque+comment+field+reflecting+resource+limits"></a>
  512. <h3 class="h4">checklimits.sh - Tool to update torque comment field reflecting resource limits</h3>
  513. <p>checklimits is a HOD tool specific to torque/maui environment. It
  514. updates torque comment field when newly submitted job(s) violate/cross
  515. over user limits set up in maui scheduler. It uses qstat, does one pass
  516. over torque job list to find out queued or unfinished jobs, runs maui
  517. tool checkjob on each job to see if user limits are violated and then
  518. runs torque's qalter utility to update job attribute 'comment'. Currently
  519. it updates the comment as <em>User-limits exceeded. Requested:([0-9]*)
  520. Used:([0-9]*) MaxLimit:([0-9]*)</em> for those jobs that violate limits.
  521. This comment field is then used by HOD to behave accordingly depending on
  522. the type of violation.</p>
  523. <a name="N10211"></a><a name="Running+checklimits.sh"></a>
  524. <h4>Running checklimits.sh</h4>
  525. <p>checklimits.sh is available under hod_install_location/support
  526. folder. This is a shell script and can be run directly as <em>sh
  527. checklimits.sh </em>or as <em>./checklimits.sh</em> after enabling
  528. execute permissions. In order for this tool to be able to update
  529. comment field of jobs from different users, it has to be run with
  530. torque administrative privileges. This tool has to be run repeatedly
  531. after specific intervals of time to frequently update jobs violating
  532. constraints, for e.g. via cron. Please note that the resource manager
  533. and scheduler commands used in this script can be expensive and so
  534. it is better not to run this inside a tight loop without sleeping.</p>
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