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- SSUUMMMMAARRYY OOFF LLEESSSS CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS
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- Commands marked with * may be preceded by a number, _N.
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- Notes in parentheses indicate the behavior if _N is given.
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-
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- h H Display this help.
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- q :q Q :Q ZZ Exit.
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- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
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-
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- MMOOVVIINNGG
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-
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- e ^E j ^N CR * Forward one line (or _N lines).
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- y ^Y k ^K ^P * Backward one line (or _N lines).
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- f ^F ^V SPACE * Forward one window (or _N lines).
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- b ^B ESC-v * Backward one window (or _N lines).
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- z * Forward one window (and set window to _N).
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- w * Backward one window (and set window to _N).
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- ESC-SPACE * Forward one window, but don't stop at end-of-file.
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- d ^D * Forward one half-window (and set half-window to _N).
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- u ^U * Backward one half-window (and set half-window to _N).
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- ESC-) RightArrow * Left one half screen width (or _N positions).
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- ESC-( LeftArrow * Right one half screen width (or _N positions).
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- F Forward forever; like "tail -f".
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- r ^R ^L Repaint screen.
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- R Repaint screen, discarding buffered input.
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- ---------------------------------------------------
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- Default "window" is the screen height.
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- Default "half-window" is half of the screen height.
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- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
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- SSEEAARRCCHHIINNGG
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-
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- /_p_a_t_t_e_r_n * Search forward for (_N-th) matching line.
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- ?_p_a_t_t_e_r_n * Search backward for (_N-th) matching line.
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- n * Repeat previous search (for _N-th occurrence).
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- N * Repeat previous search in reverse direction.
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- ESC-n * Repeat previous search, spanning files.
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- ESC-N * Repeat previous search, reverse dir. & spanning files.
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- ESC-u Undo (toggle) search highlighting.
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- &_p_a_t_t_e_r_n * Display only matching lines
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- ---------------------------------------------------
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- Search patterns may be modified by one or more of:
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- ^N or ! Search for NON-matching lines.
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- ^E or * Search multiple files (pass thru END OF FILE).
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- ^F or @ Start search at FIRST file (for /) or last file (for ?).
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- ^K Highlight matches, but don't move (KEEP position).
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- ^R Don't use REGULAR EXPRESSIONS.
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- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
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-
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- JJUUMMPPIINNGG
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-
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- g < ESC-< * Go to first line in file (or line _N).
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- G > ESC-> * Go to last line in file (or line _N).
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- p % * Go to beginning of file (or _N percent into file).
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- t * Go to the (_N-th) next tag.
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- T * Go to the (_N-th) previous tag.
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- { ( [ * Find close bracket } ) ].
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- } ) ] * Find open bracket { ( [.
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- ESC-^F _<_c_1_> _<_c_2_> * Find close bracket _<_c_2_>.
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- ESC-^B _<_c_1_> _<_c_2_> * Find open bracket _<_c_1_>
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- ---------------------------------------------------
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- Each "find close bracket" command goes forward to the close bracket
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- matching the (_N-th) open bracket in the top line.
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- Each "find open bracket" command goes backward to the open bracket
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- matching the (_N-th) close bracket in the bottom line.
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-
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- m_<_l_e_t_t_e_r_> Mark the current position with <letter>.
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- '_<_l_e_t_t_e_r_> Go to a previously marked position.
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- '' Go to the previous position.
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- ^X^X Same as '.
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- ---------------------------------------------------
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- A mark is any upper-case or lower-case letter.
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- Certain marks are predefined:
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- ^ means beginning of the file
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- $ means end of the file
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- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
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-
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- CCHHAANNGGIINNGG FFIILLEESS
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-
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- :e [_f_i_l_e] Examine a new file.
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- ^X^V Same as :e.
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- :n * Examine the (_N-th) next file from the command line.
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- :p * Examine the (_N-th) previous file from the command line.
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- :x * Examine the first (or _N-th) file from the command line.
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- :d Delete the current file from the command line list.
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- = ^G :f Print current file name.
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- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
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-
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- MMIISSCCEELLLLAANNEEOOUUSS CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS
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-
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- -_<_f_l_a_g_> Toggle a command line option [see OPTIONS below].
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- --_<_n_a_m_e_> Toggle a command line option, by name.
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- __<_f_l_a_g_> Display the setting of a command line option.
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- ___<_n_a_m_e_> Display the setting of an option, by name.
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- +_c_m_d Execute the less cmd each time a new file is examined.
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-
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- !_c_o_m_m_a_n_d Execute the shell command with $SHELL.
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- |XX_c_o_m_m_a_n_d Pipe file between current pos & mark XX to shell command.
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- v Edit the current file with $VISUAL or $EDITOR.
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- V Print version number of "less".
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- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
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-
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- OOPPTTIIOONNSS
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-
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- Most options may be changed either on the command line,
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- or from within less by using the - or -- command.
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- Options may be given in one of two forms: either a single
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- character preceded by a -, or a name preceeded by --.
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-
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- -? ........ --help
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- Display help (from command line).
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- -a ........ --search-skip-screen
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- Forward search skips current screen.
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- -b [_N] .... --buffers=[_N]
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- Number of buffers.
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- -B ........ --auto-buffers
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- Don't automatically allocate buffers for pipes.
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- -c ........ --clear-screen
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- Repaint by clearing rather than scrolling.
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- -d ........ --dumb
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- Dumb terminal.
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- -D [_x_n_._n] . --color=_x_n_._n
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- Set screen colors. (MS-DOS only)
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- -e -E .... --quit-at-eof --QUIT-AT-EOF
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- Quit at end of file.
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- -f ........ --force
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- Force open non-regular files.
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- -F ........ --quit-if-one-screen
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- Quit if entire file fits on first screen.
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- -g ........ --hilite-search
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- Highlight only last match for searches.
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- -G ........ --HILITE-SEARCH
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- Don't highlight any matches for searches.
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- -h [_N] .... --max-back-scroll=[_N]
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- Backward scroll limit.
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- -i ........ --ignore-case
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- Ignore case in searches that do not contain uppercase.
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- -I ........ --IGNORE-CASE
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- Ignore case in all searches.
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- -j [_N] .... --jump-target=[_N]
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- Screen position of target lines.
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- -J ........ --status-column
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- Display a status column at left edge of screen.
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- -k [_f_i_l_e] . --lesskey-file=[_f_i_l_e]
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- Use a lesskey file.
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- -L ........ --no-lessopen
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- Ignore the LESSOPEN environment variable.
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- -m -M .... --long-prompt --LONG-PROMPT
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- Set prompt style.
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- -n -N .... --line-numbers --LINE-NUMBERS
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- Don't use line numbers.
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- -o [_f_i_l_e] . --log-file=[_f_i_l_e]
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- Copy to log file (standard input only).
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- -O [_f_i_l_e] . --LOG-FILE=[_f_i_l_e]
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- Copy to log file (unconditionally overwrite).
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- -p [_p_a_t_t_e_r_n] --pattern=[_p_a_t_t_e_r_n]
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- Start at pattern (from command line).
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- -P [_p_r_o_m_p_t] --prompt=[_p_r_o_m_p_t]
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- Define new prompt.
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- -q -Q .... --quiet --QUIET --silent --SILENT
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- Quiet the terminal bell.
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- -r -R .... --raw-control-chars --RAW-CONTROL-CHARS
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- Output "raw" control characters.
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- -s ........ --squeeze-blank-lines
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- Squeeze multiple blank lines.
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- -S ........ --chop-long-lines
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- Chop long lines.
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- -t [_t_a_g] .. --tag=[_t_a_g]
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- Find a tag.
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- -T [_t_a_g_s_f_i_l_e] --tag-file=[_t_a_g_s_f_i_l_e]
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- Use an alternate tags file.
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- -u -U .... --underline-special --UNDERLINE-SPECIAL
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- Change handling of backspaces.
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- -V ........ --version
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- Display the version number of "less".
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- -w ........ --hilite-unread
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- Highlight first new line after forward-screen.
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- -W ........ --HILITE-UNREAD
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- Highlight first new line after any forward movement.
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- -x [_N[,...]] --tabs=[_N[,...]]
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- Set tab stops.
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- -X ........ --no-init
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- Don't use termcap init/deinit strings.
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- --no-keypad
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- Don't use termcap keypad init/deinit strings.
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- -y [_N] .... --max-forw-scroll=[_N]
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- Forward scroll limit.
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- -z [_N] .... --window=[_N]
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- Set size of window.
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- -" [_c[_c]] . --quotes=[_c[_c]]
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- Set shell quote characters.
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- -~ ........ --tilde
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- Don't display tildes after end of file.
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- -# [_N] .... --shift=[_N]
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- Horizontal scroll amount (0 = one half screen width)
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-
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- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
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-
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- LLIINNEE EEDDIITTIINNGG
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-
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- These keys can be used to edit text being entered
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- on the "command line" at the bottom of the screen.
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-
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- RightArrow ESC-l Move cursor right one character.
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- LeftArrow ESC-h Move cursor left one character.
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- CNTL-RightArrow ESC-RightArrow ESC-w Move cursor right one word.
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- CNTL-LeftArrow ESC-LeftArrow ESC-b Move cursor left one word.
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- HOME ESC-0 Move cursor to start of line.
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- END ESC-$ Move cursor to end of line.
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- BACKSPACE Delete char to left of cursor.
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- DELETE ESC-x Delete char under cursor.
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- CNTL-BACKSPACE ESC-BACKSPACE Delete word to left of cursor.
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- CNTL-DELETE ESC-DELETE ESC-X Delete word under cursor.
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- CNTL-U ESC (MS-DOS only) Delete entire line.
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- UpArrow ESC-k Retrieve previous command line.
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- DownArrow ESC-j Retrieve next command line.
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- TAB Complete filename & cycle.
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- SHIFT-TAB ESC-TAB Complete filename & reverse cycle.
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- CNTL-L Complete filename, list all.
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Tsuyoshi Ozawa