YARN-11195. Adding document to enable numa (#4501)

Contributed by Samrat Deb.

hadoop-yarn-project/hadoop-yarn/hadoop-yarn-site/src/site/markdown/UsingNuma.md

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+<!---
+  Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+  you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  limitations under the License. See accompanying LICENSE file.
+-->
+
+# NUMA
+
+Non-uniform memory access (NUMA) is a computer memory design used in multiprocessing,
+where the memory access time depends on the memory location relative to the processor.
+Under NUMA, a processor can access its own local memory faster than non-local memory
+(memory local to another processor or memory shared between processors).
+Yarn Containers can make benefit of this NUMA design to get better performance by binding to a
+specific NUMA node and all subsequent memory allocations will be served by the same node,
+reducing remote memory accesses. NUMA support for YARN Container has to be enabled only if worker
+node machines has NUMA support.
+
+# Enabling NUMA
+
+### Prerequisites
+
+- As of now, NUMA awareness works only with `LinuxContainerExecutor` (LCE)
+- To use the feature of NUMA awareness in the cluster,It must be enabled with
+  LinuxContainerExecutor (LCE)
+- Steps to enable SecureContainer (LCE) for cluster is documented [here](SecureContainer.md)
+
+## Configurations
+
+**1) Enable/Disable the NUMA awareness**
+
+This property enables the NUMA awareness feature in the Node Manager
+for the containers. By default, the value of this property is false which means it is disabled.
+If this property is `true` then only the below configurations will be applicable otherwise they
+will be ignored.
+
+In `yarn-site.xml` add
+
+```
+  <property>
+     <name>yarn.nodemanager.numa-awareness.enabled</name>
+     <value>true</value>
+  </property>
+```
+
+**2) NUMA topology**
+
+This property decides whether to read the NUMA topology from the system or from the
+configurations. If this property value is true then the topology will be read from the system using
+`numactl --hardware` command in UNIX systems and similar way in windows.
+If this property is false then the topology will be read using the below configurations.
+Default value of this configuration is false which means NodeManager will read the NUMA topology
+from the below configurations.
+
+In `yarn-site.xml` add
+
+```
+    <property>
+        <name>yarn.nodemanager.numa-awareness.read-topology</name>
+        <value>false</value>
+    </property>
+```
+
+**3) Numa command**
+
+This property is passed when `yarn.nodemanager.numa-awareness.read-topology` is set to true.
+It is recommended to verify the installation of `numactl` command in the Linux OS of every node.
+
+Use `/usr/bin/numactl --hardware` to verify.
+Sample output of `/usr/bin/numactl --hardware`
+
+```
+available: 2 nodes (0-1)
+node 0 cpus: 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71
+node 0 size: 191297 MB
+node 0 free: 186539 MB
+node 1 cpus: 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95
+node 1 size: 191383 MB
+node 1 free: 185914 MB
+node distances:
+node   0   1
+  0:  10  21
+  1:  21  10
+```
+
+In `yarn-site.xml` add
+
+```
+    <property>
+         <name>yarn.nodemanager.numa-awareness.numactl.cmd</name>
+         <value>/usr/bin/numactl</value>
+    </property>
+```
+
+**4) NUMA nodes id’s**
+
+This property is used to provide the NUMA node ids as comma separated values.It will be read only
+when the `yarn.nodemanager.numa-awareness.read-topology` is false.
+
+In ```yarn-site.xml``` add
+
+```
+    <property>
+        <name>yarn.nodemanager.numa-awareness.node-ids</name>
+        <value>0,1</value>
+    </property>
+```
+
+**5) NUMA Node memory**
+
+This property will be used to read the memory(in MB) configured for each NUMA node specified in
+`yarn.nodemanager.numa-awareness.node-ids` by substituting the node id in the place of
+`<NODE_ID>`.It will be read only when the `yarn.nodemanager.numa-awareness.read-topology`
+is false.
+
+In `yarn-site.xml` add
+
+```
+    <property>
+        <name>yarn.nodemanager.numa-awareness.<NODE_ID>.memory</name>
+        <value>191297</value>
+    </property>
+```
+
+The value passed is the per node memory available , from the above sample output of
+`numactl --hardware` the value passed for the property is the memory available i.e `191297`
+
+**6) NUMA Node CPUs**
+
+This property will be used to read the number of CPUs configured for each node specified in
+`yarn.nodemanager.numa-awareness.node-ids` by substituting the node id in the place of
+`<NODE_ID>`.It will be read only when the `yarn.nodemanager.numa-awareness.read-topology` is false.
+
+In ```yarn-site.xml``` add
+
+```
+    <property>
+        <name>yarn.nodemanager.numa-awareness.<NODE_ID>.cpus</name>
+        <value>48</value>
+    </property>
+```
+
+referring to the `numactl --hardware` output , number of cpu's in a node is `48`.
+
+**7) Passing java_opts for map/reduce**
+
+Every container has to be aware of NUMA and the JVM can be notified via passing NUMA flag.
+Spark, Tez and other YARN Applications also need to set the container JVM Opts to leverage
+NUMA Support.
+
+In ```mapred-site.xml``` add
+
+```
+    <property>
+        <name>mapreduce.reduce.java.opts</name>
+        <value>-XX:+UseNUMA</value>
+    </property>
+    <property>
+        <name>mapreduce.map.java.opts</name>
+        <value>-XX:+UseNUMA</value>
+    </property>
+```
+
+# Default configuration
+
+| Property | Default value |
+| --- |-----|
+|yarn.nodemanager.numa-awareness.enabled|false|
+|yarn.nodemanager.numa-awareness.read-topology|false|
+
+# Enable numa balancing at OS Level (Optional)
+
+In linux, by default numa balancing is by default off. For more performance improvement,
+NumaBalancing can be turned on for all the nodes in cluster
+
+```
+echo 1 | sudo tee /proc/sys/kernel/numa_balancing
+```
+
+# Verify
+
+**1) NodeManager log**
+
+In any of the NodeManager, grep log file using below command
+
+`grep "NUMA resources allocation is enabled," *`
+
+Sample log with `LinuxContainerExecutor` enabled message
+
+```
+<nodemanager_ip>.log.2022-06-24-19.gz:2022-06-24 19:16:40,178 INFO org.apache.hadoop.yarn.server.nodemanager.containermanager.linux.resources.numa.NumaResourceHandlerImpl (main): NUMA resources allocation is enabled, initializing NUMA resources allocator.
+```
+
+**2) Container Log**
+
+Grep the NodeManager log using below grep command to check if a container is assigned with NUMA node
+resources.
+
+`grep "NUMA node" | grep <container_id>`