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+<div class="menupagetitle">Capacity Scheduler</div>
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+ PDF</a>
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+</div>
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+<h1>Capacity Scheduler</h1>
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+<div id="minitoc-area">
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+<ul class="minitoc">
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+<li>
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+<a href="#Purpose">Purpose</a>
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+</li>
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+<li>
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+<a href="#Features">Features</a>
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+</li>
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+<li>
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+<a href="#Picking+a+task+to+run">Picking a task to run</a>
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+</li>
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+<li>
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+<a href="#Reclaiming+capacity">Reclaiming capacity</a>
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+</li>
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+<li>
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+<a href="#Installation">Installation</a>
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+</li>
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+<li>
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+<a href="#Configuration">Configuration</a>
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+<ul class="minitoc">
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+<li>
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+<a href="#Using+the+capacity+scheduler">Using the capacity scheduler</a>
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+</li>
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+<li>
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+<a href="#Setting+up+queues">Setting up queues</a>
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+</li>
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+<li>
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+<a href="#Configuring+properties+for+queues">Configuring properties for queues</a>
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+</li>
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+<li>
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+<a href="#Reviewing+the+configuration+of+the+capacity+scheduler">Reviewing the configuration of the capacity scheduler</a>
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+</li>
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+</ul>
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+</li>
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+</ul>
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+</div>
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+
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+
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+<a name="N1000D"></a><a name="Purpose"></a>
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+<h2 class="h3">Purpose</h2>
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+<div class="section">
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+<p>This document describes the Capacity Scheduler, a pluggable Map/Reduce scheduler for Hadoop which provides a way to share large clusters.</p>
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+</div>
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+
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+
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+<a name="N10017"></a><a name="Features"></a>
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+<h2 class="h3">Features</h2>
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+<div class="section">
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+<p>The Capacity Scheduler supports the following features:</p>
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+<ul>
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+
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+<li>
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+ Support for multiple queues, where a job is submitted to a queue.
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+ </li>
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+
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+<li>
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+ Queues are guaranteed a fraction of the capacity of the grid (their
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+ 'guaranteed capacity') in the sense that a certain capacity of
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+ resources will be at their disposal. All jobs submitted to the a
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+ queue will have access to the capacity guaranteed to the queue.
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+ </li>
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+
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+<li>
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+ Free resources can be allocated to any queue beyond its guaranteed
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+ capacity. These excess allocated resources can be reclaimed and made
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+ available to another queue in order to meet its capacity guarantee.
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+ </li>
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+
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+<li>
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+ The scheduler guarantees that excess resources taken from a queue
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+ will be restored to it within N minutes of its need for them.
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+ </li>
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+
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+<li>
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+ Queues optionally support job priorities (disabled by default).
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+ </li>
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+
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+<li>
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+ Within a queue, jobs with higher priority will have access to the
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+ queue's resources before jobs with lower priority. However, once a
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+ job is running, it will not be preempted for a higher priority job.
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+ </li>
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+
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+<li>
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+ In order to prevent one or more users from monopolizing its
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+ resources, each queue enforces a limit on the percentage of
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+ resources allocated to a user at any given time, if there is
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+ competition for them.
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+ </li>
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+
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+<li>
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+ Support for memory-intensive jobs, wherein a job can optionally
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+ specify higher memory-requirements than the default, and the tasks
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+ of the job will only be run on TaskTrackers that have enough memory
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+ to spare.
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+ </li>
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+
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+</ul>
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+</div>
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+
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+
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+<a name="N1003C"></a><a name="Picking+a+task+to+run"></a>
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+<h2 class="h3">Picking a task to run</h2>
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+<div class="section">
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+<p>Note that many of these steps can be, and will be, enhanced over time
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+ to provide better algorithms.</p>
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+<p>Whenever a TaskTracker is free, the Capacity Scheduler first picks a
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+ queue that needs to reclaim any resources the earliest (this is a queue
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+ whose resources were temporarily being used by some other queue and now
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+ needs access to those resources). If no such queue is found, it then picks
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+ a queue which has most free space (whose ratio of # of running slots to
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+ guaranteed capacity is the lowest).</p>
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+<p>Once a queue is selected, the scheduler picks a job in the queue. Jobs
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+ are sorted based on when they're submitted and their priorities (if the
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+ queue supports priorities). Jobs are considered in order, and a job is
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+ selected if its user is within the user-quota for the queue, i.e., the
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+ user is not already using queue resources above his/her limit. The
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+ scheduler also makes sure that there is enough free memory in the
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+ TaskTracker to tun the job's task, in case the job has special memory
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+ requirements.</p>
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+<p>Once a job is selected, the scheduler picks a task to run. This logic
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+ to pick a task remains unchanged from earlier versions.</p>
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+</div>
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+
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+
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+<a name="N1004F"></a><a name="Reclaiming+capacity"></a>
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+<h2 class="h3">Reclaiming capacity</h2>
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+<div class="section">
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+<p>Periodically, the scheduler determines:</p>
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+<ul>
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+
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+<li>
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+ if a queue needs to reclaim capacity. This happens when a queue has
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+ at least one task pending and part of its guaranteed capacity is
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+ being used by some other queue. If this happens, the scheduler notes
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+ the amount of resources it needs to reclaim for this queue within a
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+ specified period of time (the reclaim time).
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+ </li>
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+
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+<li>
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+ if a queue has not received all the resources it needed to reclaim,
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+ and its reclaim time is about to expire. In this case, the scheduler
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+ needs to kill tasks from queues running over capacity. This it does
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+ by killing the tasks that started the latest.
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+ </li>
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+
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+</ul>
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+</div>
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+
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+
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+<a name="N10062"></a><a name="Installation"></a>
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+<h2 class="h3">Installation</h2>
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+<div class="section">
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+<p>The capacity scheduler is available as a JAR file in the Hadoop
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+ tarball under the <em>contrib/capacity-scheduler</em> directory. The name of
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+ the JAR file would be on the lines of hadoop-*-capacity-scheduler.jar.</p>
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+<p>You can also build the scheduler from source by executing
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+ <em>ant package</em>, in which case it would be available under
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+ <em>build/contrib/capacity-scheduler</em>.</p>
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+<p>To run the capacity scheduler in your Hadoop installation, you need
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+ to put it on the <em>CLASSPATH</em>. The easiest way is to copy the
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+ <span class="codefrag">hadoop-*-capacity-scheduler.jar</span> from
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+ to <span class="codefrag">HADOOP_HOME/lib</span>. Alternatively, you can modify
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+ <em>HADOOP_CLASSPATH</em> to include this jar, in
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+ <span class="codefrag">conf/hadoop-env.sh</span>.</p>
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+</div>
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+
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+
|
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+<a name="N1008A"></a><a name="Configuration"></a>
|
|
|
+<h2 class="h3">Configuration</h2>
|
|
|
+<div class="section">
|
|
|
+<a name="N10090"></a><a name="Using+the+capacity+scheduler"></a>
|
|
|
+<h3 class="h4">Using the capacity scheduler</h3>
|
|
|
+<p>
|
|
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+ To make the Hadoop framework use the capacity scheduler, set up
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+ the following property in the site configuration:</p>
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+<table class="ForrestTable" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="4">
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+
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+<tr>
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+
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+<td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Property</td>
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+ <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Value</td>
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+
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+</tr>
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+
|
|
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+<tr>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+<td colspan="1" rowspan="1">mapred.jobtracker.taskScheduler</td>
|
|
|
+ <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">org.apache.hadoop.mapred.CapacityTaskScheduler</td>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+</tr>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+</table>
|
|
|
+<a name="N100B7"></a><a name="Setting+up+queues"></a>
|
|
|
+<h3 class="h4">Setting up queues</h3>
|
|
|
+<p>
|
|
|
+ You can define multiple queues to which users can submit jobs with
|
|
|
+ the capacity scheduler. To define multiple queues, you should edit
|
|
|
+ the site configuration for Hadoop and modify the
|
|
|
+ <em>mapred.queue.names</em> property.
|
|
|
+ </p>
|
|
|
+<p>
|
|
|
+ You can also configure ACLs for controlling which users or groups
|
|
|
+ have access to the queues.
|
|
|
+ </p>
|
|
|
+<p>
|
|
|
+ For more details, refer to
|
|
|
+ <a href="cluster_setup.html#Configuring+the+Hadoop+Daemons">Cluster
|
|
|
+ Setup</a> documentation.
|
|
|
+ </p>
|
|
|
+<a name="N100CE"></a><a name="Configuring+properties+for+queues"></a>
|
|
|
+<h3 class="h4">Configuring properties for queues</h3>
|
|
|
+<p>The capacity scheduler can be configured with several properties
|
|
|
+ for each queue that control the behavior of the scheduler. This
|
|
|
+ configuration is in the <em>conf/capacity-scheduler.xml</em>. By
|
|
|
+ default, the configuration is set up for one queue, named
|
|
|
+ <em>default</em>.</p>
|
|
|
+<p>To specify a property for a queue that is defined in the site
|
|
|
+ configuration, you should use the property name as
|
|
|
+ <em>mapred.capacity-scheduler.queue.<queue-name>.<property-name></em>.
|
|
|
+ </p>
|
|
|
+<p>For example, to define the property <em>guaranteed-capacity</em>
|
|
|
+ for queue named <em>research</em>, you should specify the property
|
|
|
+ name as
|
|
|
+ <em>mapred.capacity-scheduler.queue.research.guaranteed-capacity</em>.
|
|
|
+ </p>
|
|
|
+<p>The properties defined for queues and their descriptions are
|
|
|
+ listed in the table below:</p>
|
|
|
+<table class="ForrestTable" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="4">
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+<tr>
|
|
|
+<th colspan="1" rowspan="1">Name</th><th colspan="1" rowspan="1">Description</th>
|
|
|
+</tr>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+<tr>
|
|
|
+<td colspan="1" rowspan="1">mapred.capacity-scheduler.queue.<queue-name>.guaranteed-capacity</td>
|
|
|
+ <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Percentage of the number of slots in the cluster that are
|
|
|
+ guaranteed to be available for jobs in this queue.
|
|
|
+ The sum of guaranteed capacities for all queues should be less
|
|
|
+ than or equal 100.</td>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+</tr>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+<tr>
|
|
|
+<td colspan="1" rowspan="1">mapred.capacity-scheduler.queue.<queue-name>.reclaim-time-limit</td>
|
|
|
+ <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">The amount of time, in seconds, before which resources
|
|
|
+ distributed to other queues will be reclaimed.</td>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+</tr>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+<tr>
|
|
|
+<td colspan="1" rowspan="1">mapred.capacity-scheduler.queue.<queue-name>.supports-priority</td>
|
|
|
+ <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">If true, priorities of jobs will be taken into account in scheduling
|
|
|
+ decisions.</td>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+</tr>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+<tr>
|
|
|
+<td colspan="1" rowspan="1">mapred.capacity-scheduler.queue.<queue-name>.minimum-user-limit-percent</td>
|
|
|
+ <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Each queue enforces a limit on the percentage of resources
|
|
|
+ allocated to a user at any given time, if there is competition
|
|
|
+ for them. This user limit can vary between a minimum and maximum
|
|
|
+ value. The former depends on the number of users who have submitted
|
|
|
+ jobs, and the latter is set to this property value. For example,
|
|
|
+ suppose the value of this property is 25. If two users have
|
|
|
+ submitted jobs to a queue, no single user can use more than 50%
|
|
|
+ of the queue resources. If a third user submits a job, no single
|
|
|
+ user can use more than 33% of the queue resources. With 4 or more
|
|
|
+ users, no user can use more than 25% of the queue's resources. A
|
|
|
+ value of 100 implies no user limits are imposed.</td>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+</tr>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+</table>
|
|
|
+<a name="N10130"></a><a name="Reviewing+the+configuration+of+the+capacity+scheduler"></a>
|
|
|
+<h3 class="h4">Reviewing the configuration of the capacity scheduler</h3>
|
|
|
+<p>
|
|
|
+ Once the installation and configuration is completed, you can review
|
|
|
+ it after starting the Map/Reduce cluster from the admin UI.
|
|
|
+ </p>
|
|
|
+<ul>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+<li>Start the Map/Reduce cluster as usual.</li>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+<li>Open the JobTracker web UI.</li>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+<li>The queues you have configured should be listed under the <em>Scheduling
|
|
|
+ Information</em> section of the page.</li>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+<li>The properties for the queues should be visible in the <em>Scheduling
|
|
|
+ Information</em> column against each queue.</li>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+</ul>
|
|
|
+</div>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+</div>
|
|
|
+<!--+
|
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+ |end content
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+ +-->
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+<div class="clearboth"> </div>
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+</div>
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+<div id="footer">
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+<!--+
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+// --></script>
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+<div class="copyright">
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+ Copyright ©
|
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+ 2008 <a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/">The Apache Software Foundation.</a>
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+</div>
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